We studied the response of benthic algae to points of hyporheic-surface water exchange in the main channel of the Middle Fork Flathead River within the Nyack Flood Plain, Montana. We examined hyporheic exchange at 120 sites using piezometers and measuring vertical hydraulic gradient (VHG), hydraulic conductivity, and vertical discharge. We removed benthic algae from a single cobble at each site, and we used VHG to group sampling sites for statistical analysis. Algal cell density and chlorophyll a concentration were significantly higher at sites with hyporheic discharge (+VHG, upwelling) compared to both sites with hyporheic recharge (-VHG, downwelling) and sites with no hyporheic-surface water exchange (=VHG, neutral) (ANOVA, P \ 0.05). The assemblages of algae at upwelling sites were also significantly different from downwelling and neutral exchange sites (ANOSIM, P \ 0.05). Filamentous green algae Stigeoclonium sp. and Zygnema sp. and a chrysophyte, Hydrurus foetidus (Villars) Trevisan were abundant at upwelling sites, whereas an assemblage of diatoms Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki, Cymbella excisa Kützing, Diatoma moniliformis Kützing, and Gomphonema olivaceoides Hustedt, were the most abundant taxa at downwelling and neutral exchange sites, occurring attached to, or in close association with the stalks of Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) Schmidt. These data show that benthic algal communities are structured differently depending on the direction of hyporheic flux in the main channel of a large alluvial river, suggesting that hyporheic-surface exchange may influence the spatial distribution of main-channel benthic algae in rivers with hyporheic-surface water connectivity.

A quasi-crystalline lamcllar lattice was observed in chloroplasts of the filamentous grccn alga Zygnema. The latticc docs not appcar in the cclls until cultures arc at the end of the log phase of growth. Pseudograna are also present and bccomc morc numerous towards the middle of the log phasc. The three-dimcnsional latticc supcrficially resembles the configuration of cubic prolamcllar bodies but is about 10 times larger and is cntireiy different in internal structure. The lattice is composcd of onc or two apprcsscd thylakoids in a stroma matrix which is bounded on each side by a single thylakoid membrane. This multilayercd sandwich of membranes and matrix occupics a position equivalent to the singlc mcmbranc of a cubic prolamcllar body.

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A C20 cyclic trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid was isolated and characterized as a representative member of a group of oxygenated fatty acids from the aquatic sedge,Eleocharis microcarpa, Torr. Characterization of the compound as 11‐hydroxy‐14‐(3,5‐dihydroxy‐2‐methylcyclopentyl)‐tetradec‐9‐ene‐12‐yneoic acid was accomplished by various chemical and spectral methods.

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