JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology. Abstract.Several conservation measures are intended to enhance the movement of individuals among populations. These include the establishment of wildlife corridors, captive breeding and release programs, and translocation of individuals among populations. Many metapopulation models show that increasing movement among populations reduces the chance of metapopulation extinction. However, epidemiological models indicate that increased contact among populations enhances the spread of disease and can trigger epidemics. I have synthesized elements of mathematical epidemiology with metapopulation models. An analytic model showed that highly contagious diseases of moderate severity spread widely, increasing the probability of metapopulation extinction. I also used a simulation model to examine four spatial arrangements of populations: island, necklace, loop, and spider. When infected individuals were allowed to move freely among populations, all of the arrangements exhibited qualitative behavior similar to that exhibited by the analytic models. The most dangerous diseases were those for which infected populations grew large enough to produce dispersers that infected other populations, but which also reduced the geometric rate of increase for infected populations to near unity. Under those conditions, random demographic and environmental events caused metapopulation extinction. Major differences among the spatial arrangements emerged when a quarantine population was established. A centralized quarantine in the spider and necklace arrangement yielded the most dramatic reductions in metapopulation extinction probability. A single quarantine patch was of little value in an island arrangement. These results have several implications for managing metapopulations. Most notably, some spatial arrangements of populations are more amenable to disease control than others, and establishing a quarantine population can increase the probability of detecting new diseases and reduce the impact of diseases that do appear.

Abstt'ac~ Recent conservation proposals frequently include the establishment of corridors to connect lsolated patches of wildlife habitat Much attention has been focused on the potential benefits of corridors with little note given to potentially adverse consequenceg A simulation model is developed here to study the effect of comidors on the survival of a metapopulation in the presence of a fatal disease that is spread by direct contact between susceptible and infected inditrldual.~ For the disease modeled here, a landscape of patches connected by corridors generally suffers fewer metapopulation extinctions than a landscape of isolated patche~ However, under a narrow range of condition.g resuits suggest that corridom may dramatically increase the probability of metapopuiation extinctiorL This occurs when disease-induced mortality is low enough to allow infected individuals to spread the diseas~ but high enough to reduce population levels to the point that random demographic and environmental events cause frequent metapopuldtion ex. tinctiong This has important implications for the design and management of conservation reserve networks. Although discussion focuses primarily on conservation corrtdorg the model results apply to any management techniques that increase the movement of individuals among populationg Corredores de conservaci6n y enfer~edades contagiosas: Una nora de precauci6nResumen: Propuestas recientes de conserva~6n tncluyen frecuentemente el establecimiento de cormdores de conser-vaci6n para conectar parches de hdbitat de vida silvestre La atenci6n se ha centrado en los beneflcios potenciales de los corredores y muy poco se ha hecho por estudiar las potenciales consecuencias adversa.z Se desarrolla un modelo de simulaci6n para estudiar el efecto de los corredores en la supervivencia de una rnetapobluct6n en presencia de una enfermedad fatal que se difunde pot contacto directo entre individuos suceptibles a la infeccidn e individuos infectados. Para la enfermedad modelada aqu~ un paisaje de parches conectados por corredores sufre menos extinciones de la metapoblacidn queen un palsaje de parches aislado& Sin embargo, los resultados sugieren qu~ dentro de un tango de condiciones restringida~ los corredores pueden incrementar dramdticamente la probabilidad de ia extinci6n de la metapoblaci6rt Esto ocurre cuando mortalidad debida a la enfermedad es suflcientemente baja como para permitir que individuos infectados difumian la enfermed_ad, pero sufictentemente alta como para reducir los niveles de ld pobla-ci6n ai punto que eventos demogrdficos y ambientales al azar caucen frecuentes extinciones de la metapoblaci6rt Estos resultados tienen importantes implicaciones para el dtse-f~o y manejo de redes de reservas para la conservaci6rL Si bten la discusi6n se basa prtmordtalmente en corredores de conservaci6n, los resultados del modelo se aplican a cualquier tdcnica de manejo que incremente el movtmiento de indivlduos entre poblacione&

Camera trap surveys are useful to understand animal species population trends, distribution, habitat preference, behavior, community dynamics, periods of activity, and species associations with environmental conditions. This information is ecologically important since many species play important roles in local ecosystems as predators, herbivores, seed dispersers, and disease vectors. Additionally, many of the larger wildlife species detected by camera traps are economically important through hunting, trapping, or ecotourism. Here we present a data set of camera trap surveys from 6,043 locations across all 100 counties of North Carolina, USA from 2009 to 2019. These data come from 26 survey initiatives and contain 215,108 records of 36 mammal species and three species of terrestrial birds. This large data set increases the geographical distribution data for these 39 mammal and bird species by >500% over what is available for North Carolina in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). These data can be used to conduct inquiries about species, populations, communities, or ecosystems, and to produce useful information on wildlife behavior, distribution, and interactions. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this paper when using the data for publication.

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