The effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a popular weight-loss supplement, on insulin sensitivity in humans is controversial and has not been extensively studied. To date no studies have examined the effects of CLA supplementation on human skeletal muscle metabolism or lipid content. It is also unknown whether CLA accumulates in human skeletal muscle with supplementation. In the present study, 9 overweight, non-diabetic individuals received 4 g/d of mixed CLA isomers in the form of 1 g supplements, for 12 weeks. CLA isomers significantly increased in both plasma and skeletal muscle following supplementation. Skeletal muscle ceramide content was also significantly increased, although there was no consistent change in muscle diacylglycerol or triacylglycerol content. Insulin sensitivity was significantly decreased (p

Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1478061507890086How to cite this article: Amanda Waller, George J Heigenhauser and Michael I Lindinger (2007). Electrolyte supplementation after prolonged moderate-intensity exercise results in decreased plasma [TCO2] in Standardbreds. Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology, 4, pp 149-158 AbstractThe present study used the physicochemical approach to characterize the changes in acid-base status that occur in Standardbreds after post-exercise electrolyte supplementation. Jugular venous blood was sampled from six conditioned Standardbreds on two separate occasions, at rest and for 24 h following a competitive exercise test (CET) designed to simulate the speed and endurance test of a 3-day event. After the CETs, horses were given water ad libitum and either a hypotonic commercial electrolyte solution, via nasogastric tube followed by a typical hay/grain meal, or a hay/grain meal alone. The electrolyte supplementation resulted in c. 2 mmol l 21 decreased plasma [TCO 2 ] during the recovery period as compared with control. The primary contributor to the decreased [TCO 2 ] with electrolyte supplementation was a decreased strong ion difference ([SID]), as a result of the non-significant increase in plasma [Cl 2 ]. Additionally, electrolyte supplementation resulted in faster restoration of hydration status compared with control, as evidenced by faster recovery of plasma [protein] and total weak acid concentration ([A tot ]). It is concluded that oral administration of a hypotonic electrolyte solution after prolonged moderate-intensity exercise diminishes the post-exercise alkalosis, and that recovery of hydration status is still incomplete 24 h after exercise when no electrolytes are given. Thus, supplementation with electrolytes according to estimated sweat losses may attenuate post-exercise increases in plasma [TCO 2 ], which is of significant practical interest to the horse racing community, as a testing threshold of greater than 37 mmol l 21 is used by many racing jurisdictions to determine whether a horse has been administered an alkalinizing agent.