Objective To examine factors associated with undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy compared with abdominal hysterectomy or vaginal hysterectomy Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of the 2005 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. All women aged_18 years or older who underwent hysterectomy for a benign condition were included. Multivariable analyses were used to examine demographic, clinical, and health system factors associated with each hysterectomy route. Results Among 518,828 hysterectomies, 14% were laparoscopic, 64% abdominal, and 22% vaginal. Women above age 35 years had lower rates of laparoscopic than abdominal (odds ratio [OR] 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.770.94 for age 45-49 years) or vaginal hysterectomy (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.540.69 for age 45-49 years). The odds of laparoscopic compared with abdominal hysterectomy were higher in the West than in the Northeast (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.2-2.62). African-American, Latina, and Asian women had 40-50% lower odds of laparoscopic compared with abdominal hysterectomy (P<.001). Women with low income, Medicare, Medicaid, or no health insurance were less likely to undergo laparoscopic than either vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy (P<.001). Women with leiomyomas (P<.001) and pelvic infections (P<.001) were less likely to undergo laparoscopic than abdominal hysterectomy. Women with leiomyomas (P<.001), endometriosis (P<.001), or pelvic infection (P<.001) were more likely to have laparoscopic than vaginal hysterectomy. Laparoscopic hysterectomy had the highest mean hospital charges ($18,821; P<.001) and shortest length of stay (1.65 days; P<.001). Conclusion In addition to age and clinical diagnosis, nonclinical factors such as race/ethnicity, insurance status, income, and region appear to affect use of laparoscopic hysterectomy compared to abdominal hysterectomy and vaginal hysterectomy.

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