The effect of the dust on the climate in the Caucasus region, with a specific focus on Georgia, was investigated with a Regional Climate Model RegCM interactively coupled with a dust model. For this purpose we have executed sets of 30 years simulations (1985–2014) with and without dust effects by RegCM4.7 model with 16.7 km resolution over the Caucasus domain and with 50 km resolution encompassing most of the Sahara, the Middle East, and the Great Caucasus with adjacent regions. Results of calculations have shown that the dust aerosol is an active player in the climate system of Georgia. Mineral dust aerosol influences on temperature and aerosol optical depth spatial and temporally inhomogeneous distribution on the territory of Georgia and generally has been agreed with MODIS satellite data. Results of numerical calculations have shown that dust radiative forcing inclusion has improved simulated summer temperature. The mean annual temperature increased across the whole territory of Georgia in simulations when dust direct effect was considered.

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<p>The global climate change resulting from natural and growing anthropogenic factors of particular importance for the territory of Georgia as the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (extreme high temperatures, heavy precipitation levels, and agricultural and ecological droughts) are increasing in the territory. Georgia’s complex orography and proximity to the Black and Caspian Seas necessitates the use of high-resolution models, such as regional climate models, to assess future climate change hazards. In this study, we analyse the output from high-resolution simulation of mean and extreme precipitation and temperature using the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model version 4.7.1 for the period of 2010–1014 as an initial assessment of model performance for the territory. The simulation is performed at a 12 km horizontal grid spacing using<strong> </strong>ERA5 data as boundary conditions. Comparison with observed station data shows that the model performs better in simulating the monthly mean and extreme values of temperature than precipitation. In some mountain stations, the biases between observation and simulated precipitation are high, partly due to the mountainous terrain, when the horizontal resolution of the model (12 km) can lead to a significant discrepancy between the model's points and the locations of weather stations.  </p> <p>This study represents the first step of Georgia’s first high resolution assessment to better understand how climate change will impact the territory required to climate change policy and decision-making.</p> <p>This work was supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG) № FR-19-8110.</p>

The description of influence of the R-groups on formation of the peptide bond by quantum-chemical method of density functional theory (DFT) is carried out. The criterion of probability of formation of the peptide bond has been constructed. In particular it is shown that the propensity to formation of the peptide bond is increased as a result of 1) decrease of the CO and NH bond orders (PCO and PNH) and of activation energy (ΔE #), 2) increase of OH and CN bond orders (POH and PCN), 3) exothermic property of this reaction (ΔE < 0).

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