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Organically modified clays have long been used by industry to remove oil from water. A study was undertaken to verify results from real‐world applications and develop a better understanding of the chemical conditions under which organoclays are most effective. Systematic testing was conducted on some 50 oils, including mineral oils, vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils, and synthetic oils. In addition, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon was tested in order to compare the effectiveness of the two media. Tests also investigated the removal capacity of organoclays for various surfactants as well as the influence such surfactants exert on the removal efficiency of the organoclays. Results showed organoclays are more effective than activated carbon in removing oil from water and cationic organoclays are superior to nonionic organoclays for some removal applications.

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Organoclays have been used as a pre -polisher for activated carbon, or postpolisher for oil/water separators and DAF units, for the removal of small amounts of oil, grease, PCB, PNA, BTX and other organic hydrocarbons of \ov^ solubility for the cleanup of groundwater and wastewater. The end user can save 50% or more of his operations costs by removing large hydrocarbons which plug the pores of activated carbon beforehand, allowing carbon to remove the last 5 ppm or less of volatile compounds. Organoclays can remove 7 times as much oil and other organic hydrocarbons of low solubility, as does carbon.This article describes what organoclay is, how it is used, and presents several case histories of large systems at military bases and other places.