Flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to measure lead concentrations in samples from 5 selected human skeletal sites (tibia, skull, rib, ilium, and vertebra) obtained from 134 hospital autopsies. Lead was distributed unequally among the different bones in distinct patterns that were age-, and to some extent, sex-dependent. To estimate lead concentration of the entire skeleton, all skeletal bones were divided into 5 groups based on their approximate compact/trabecular bone ratios, considering each of our 5 sampled sites to be the prototype for each such group. Regression analysis of the 10 possible bone site pair values at different ages yielded age-related constants. These constants were incorporated into an equation we developed that can be used both to estimate mean skeletal lead concentration (Pb) of the entire body skeleton and also to predict the lead concentration at any of the other 4 bone sites if any 1 of the 5 is measured. Applications of these data to in vivo bone lead measurements are detailed with respect to selection of the site to be measured, estimation of total skeletal lead burden, anticipated variations or error, and dependence of these factors on age and sex of the sampled population.

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chiometric balances made on both reactants and products demonstrated that no other substances are involved in the reaction, at least within the accuracy of the analytical methods. This was true for the completed reactions as well as those that could be monitored with time (pH > 8.35).The reaction rate constant kx is independent of pH in the range of 9.5-11.6, ionic strength up to 0.04, initial concentrations of nitrite ranging from 1 to 17 mg/L as N and chlorine from 2.3 to 140 mg/L as Cl2, and finally

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