Homicide inflicts massive injury upon the intrapsychic and interpersonal realities of thesurviving kin of murder victims. A New York City pilot program of outreach and counselling to 1182 families of Brooklyn homicide victims suggests that surviving kin undergo the symptoms of traumatic stress disorder. Recovery is prolonged by knowledge that the perpetrator is usually alive and in some cases unpunished, by repetitive con frontations with the criminal justice system and by the multiple losses endured: loss of a family member, loss of illusions of safety and invulnerability, loss of a sense of trust in the surrounding community, and loss of a beiief system. Effective help to survivors requires interventions that respond to all aspects of the survivors' losses.

A special agency in New York City provides a variety of assistance to families traumatized by the murder of a loved one. Particular attention is given to helping alienated and depressed parents with grief work and with the reestablishment of ties to a society that they perceive as having failed them.

The biopsychosocial consequences of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) particularly affect gay patients both in the community and in hospitals. This article describes a crisis intervention program and uses a case example to show the clinical phases of AIDS as well as the program's intervention strategies and case advocacy.