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Surgical operations on animals are stressful for their organism. This results in changes in several physiological parameters and stress markers. The application of different anesthetics and different anesthetic schemes has a different impact on the organism's response to stress response and changes of physiological parameters. The study of the effects of different anesthetics on animal organism will facilitate the prediction of the animal's responses to surgical procedures and increase patient's safety.

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The goal of the present study was to monitor the physiological effects of a standardized balanced anesthetic protocol in brown bears (Ursus arctos) during routine dental procedures. Physiological parameters (rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation) were evaluated in twelve brown bears, anesthetized with a balanced drug combination for 90 minutes during dental procedures. The animals were kept in the "Park for Dancing Bears" Belitza, Bulgaria. A standardized premedication protocol of a combined intramuscular injection of tiletamine HCl and zolazepam HCl (Zoletil 100® Virbac, France) 1mg/kg, medetomidine HCl 0.003mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg of butorphanol was administered intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced intravenously with a combined bolus of ketamine at 2 mg/kg and propofol at 2 mg/kg, and maintained with a constant rate infusion (CRI) of ketamine at 0.8 mg/kg/h and propofol 0.04 at mg/kg/min. Rectal temperature decreased signifi cantly during anesthesia, whereas: heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation were stable with no signifi cant changes in these parameters for the duration of anesthesia. In conclusion, this anesthetic drug combination is suitable for oral surgery of medium duration in brown bears.

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