Hiatal hernias are the most common violation of visceral anatomy. Indications for surgical treatment of this pathology include refractory gastroesophageal reflux or anatomical changes, which carry a risk of developing life-threatening conditions. An unresolved problem in this area of surgery is the high recurrence rate of the disease, reaching 1040%. Subjective causes of unsatisfactory results are technical errors in performing interventions and violations of perioperative management. Compliance with the methodology of operations and the rules of patient management can minimize this group of factors. Large size of the hiatal opening, mechanical weakness of diaphragm crura and shortening of the esophagus are considered to be objective causes for the recurrent disease. An effective way to increase the reliability of the plastic esophageal opening of the diaphragm is the use of prosthetic materials. When the esophagus is shortened, it is possible to increase its length with the stomach (gastroplasty) or with the formation of a fundoplication wrap in the chest. Another option to increase the reliability of the operation may be fixing the stomach to the anterior abdominal wall (gastropexia) to prevent its redeployment to the chest. The use of this arsenal of techniques allows to reduce the frequency of unsatisfactory results after surgical treatment of hiatal hernias by up to 510%.

Methods of surgical interventions performing, modifications, instruments used for operation became more developed every year. In spite of this fact, tendency of increase of the rate of iatrogenic errors took place and it was possible to prevent these mistakes by application of Surgical Safety Checklist. The «checklists» are easily available, not very expensive in practice and they are simple to use. An application of such questionnaires could improve the team work and understanding between members of the crew, which could influence directly on operation outcome. The article presents the history of creation of safety list, the analysis of efficacy of «checklist» application in clinical practice in different countries, information about controversial questions in «checklist», perspectives of its application.