Cows that received an over-calorie diet in the final phase of lactation are prone to liver lipidosis. The task of our research is to study the dynamics of cholesterol and triglycerides in cows with fatty hepatosis during the transit period. A group of 20 dry cows was formed. In the blood serum of cows, the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides was studied twice before calving (15–20 days and 5–10 days) and twice after calving (5–10 days and 20–25 days). After research was formed two groups. The first group included 8 cows, which were killed 7–43 days after calving. They had signs of liver lipidosis. The diagnosis of fatty hepatosis was confirmed by the results of a histological examination of the liver. The second group included the remaining 12 cows. At the beginning of the study, the cows of the first and second groups had a cholesterol concentration of 4.06±0.23 and 3.62±0.23 mmol/l, and triglycerides - 0.13±0.01 and 0.11±0.01 mmol/l. Further dynamics of indicators had features in each group. In cows with hepatosis, a gradual decrease in cholesterol to 1.83±0.07 mmol/l was observed. In the second group the indicator was 2.2 times higher (P < 0.01). Before calving, a decrease in the concentration of triglycerides is observed. A more significant decline was detected in cows of the first group—by 61.5% (P < 0.001). In cows of the second group, the index decreased only by 18.2%. After 5–10 days after calving, the concentration of triglycerides in both groups remained low. After 20–25 days in the first group, the index increased 2.3 times (P < 0.01), and in the second—1.25 times. Studies have revealed features of the lipid profile in cows with liver lipidosis.

Steatosis is an often detected pathology in cows. Due to hypertension, the load on the urinary system increases, which is accompanied by kidney damage. Often in cows with steatosis, necritis, pyelitis and kidney dystrophy are detected at autopsy. The goal of this study was to determine the characteristic features of kidney damage in cows with steatosis and to identify alterations in blood biochemistry. In 2018, a histological study was carried out on 7 samples of cow liver and kidneys with signs of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Observed pathological changes in the liver in the form of fatty degeneration, as well as a decrease in the content of glycogen in hepatocytes were recorded. The livers had a girder structure, moderately full. The sinusoids of the liver and Disse space were moderately dilated. Portal tracts had a typical histological structure; hepatic triads, represented by an interlobular artery, vein, and bile duct, were detected in the stroma. Schiff-iodic acid by MacManus stain showed decrease or absence of glycogen in the samples. The use of the same staining protocol showed positive staining of the reticular fibers of the interstitial kidney tissue. In the kidneys, hyaline droplet epithelium of the tubule, accumulation of hyaline-like substance in the spaces between the capsule and the vascular glomerulus, and development of fibrosing interstitial glomerulonephritis were noted. Biochemical analysis of blood showed normal levels of creatinine (68.5±2.7 μmol/L), and urea (6.6±0.3 mmol/L), and reduced concentration of albumin to 23.2±0.9%. Liver function parameters were elevated: total bilirubin (28.1±1.9 μmol/L), total protein (89.3±3.4 g/L), gamma-glutamyltransferase (131.9±18.0 IU/L). Urine analysis demonstrated proteinuria and hematuria.

The aim was to study efficiency of Azoxivet (azoximer bromid) for prevention of cows’ postnatal diseases and indirect influence on calves’ growth. Groups of pregnant Holstein cows (> 6000 kg per lactation) were formed (G1,G2,G3). Cows of G1 (n = 20) received Azoxivet intramuscularly once at 7 days prior to expected date of calving at a dose 24 mg. G2 (n = 20) - 24 mg at 14 and 7 days prior to expected date of calving. G3 (n = 20) was control. Single application of Azoxivet at 7 days prior to calving doesn’t lead to lowering trouble of postnatal endometritis: this disease was registered at 60% cows of G1 and 65% cows of G3. In G2, endometritis was recorded only at 40% of animals. The density of the colostrum in of G1 and G2 was varied: 1060.0±3.1-1063.0±2.9 kg/m3, which exceeded the indicator of the G3 by 13–16 kg/m3 (P < 0.05). There was increased amount of whey proteins in colostrum obtained from cows of G1 and G2: the differences were 6.4% and 19.2% (P < 0.05). In the G3 it was 220.5 ± 12.6 g/l. The amount of total immunoglobulins in the colostrum in G1 was 159.7 ± 9.6 g/l, in G2 - 180.6 ± 4.0 g/l, that was higher than in the G 3 by 35.0% (P < 0.05). The incidence of calves received from cows of G1 and G2 was lower than 15%, than G3, and the safety to the 2-month age was 90–95% against 85% in G3. The average alive mass of 1 calf in G3 was 77.5±1.6 kg that was lower than in G1 by 5.7% (P < 0.05), in G2 – by 9.6% (P < 0.01). The mediated immune-correction with Azoxivet through the system of fetus-mother allows to reduce incidence, to increase viability of calves in the first 2 months of life.

Over recent years, the range of biologically active substances aimed at the productivity increase, animals preservation, feed use efficiency, product quality improvement and product safety has been significantly expanded. In this regard, the study of the effectiveness of hepatoprotective farm-produced feed additives in the diets of broiler chickens is of particular interest to science and practice. The broiler chickens pectoral muscles of the control group contained 68–0.08% of water, 32–0.06% of dry matter, 20.45–0.08% of protein, and 1.62–0.09% fat. In a comparative analysis of the obtained data, it may be concluded that the use of the feed additive Hepatron 85% as a hepatoprotector improves the detoxification ability of the liver and promotes the regeneration of the liver cells. Betaine as a lipotropic agent contributes to the fat oxidation, enhances appetite, and adds muscle mass. When determining the chemical composition of the muscles of the leg, thigh, body, wings and neck, it was established that the broiler chickens of the experimental group contained 70–0.07% of water, 30–0.05% of dry matter, 19.7±0.08% of protein and 2.11±0.09% of fat. Using the feed with the additive Hepatron 85% causes a 0.5% increase in protein and 0.18% increase in fat compared to the meat of the broiler chickens on general feed. Thus, the inclusion of the feed additive Hepatron 85% in the ration of broiler chickens instead of 50% of methionine and choline contributes to an increase in average daily gains and meat quality improvement in a number of indicators.

Avibacterium paragallinarum causes a severe respiratory disease characterized by catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, infraorbital sinuses, and conjunctivitis. The study aims to determine the reactogenicity and protective properties of inactivated vaccines against Av. paragallinarum is made using mineral‐salt adjuvant aluminum hydroxide (AH) and high molecular weight acrylic acid‐carbomer polymer. Vaccine samples were made of inactivated Av. paragallinarum cultures of strains B‐7770 (serotype “A”), “1130917 / AmsB” (serotype “B”), and 150215 / TulaC2 (serotype “C”). A milliliter of each vaccine contained 1.0 billion microbial cells of each Av. paragallinarum serotype. The first sample contained AH adjuvant, and 2nd sample had a carbomer in it. Vaccines were tested on 60 days old layer hens. Ten birds were immunized with each vaccine sample to determine reactogenicity. The vaccine was injected intramuscularly between the radius and ulna in a volume of 2.0 cm3. Ten days after immunization, the birds were euthanized and autopsied to measure the local tissue response at the region of vaccine administration. Three groups of chickens (n=10) were formed to measure the immunogenic activity. Birds of the first and second groups were intramuscularly inoculated with one vaccine sample in a volume of 1.0 cm3. The chickens of the 3rd group were not vaccinated. After 28 days of research, all chickens were infected with a mixture of Av. paragallinarum “A,” “B,” and “C” serotypes. The culture mixture was applied intraocularly at 10 50% infectious doses for each serotype. All birds vaccinated with the AH and carbomer vaccines had swelling of soft tissues and petechial hemorrhagic lesions of the muscles near the inoculation area. Fibrin plates (0.2x1.5 cm) were found in the muscles of the inoculation area in 5 AH cases. No clinical manifestation of the disease was found in both vaccinated groups, which indicates good protective properties of the tested vaccine samples. All 10 chickens of the 3rd group showed symptoms of a respiratory disease after infection with Av. paragallinarum, which reveals a high susceptibility of unvaccinated hens to the bacteria. Inactivated vaccine against Av. paragallinarum with carbomer as an adjuvant is less reactogenic than a similar vaccine made using AH. At the same time, both vaccine samples have good protective properties.