In modern medicine, biotechnological products and systems are used and widely studied, in which various elements and parts interact with biological fluids, soft and hard muscle tissues. This mainly concerns products used in cardiovascular surgery, orthopaedic surgery, dentistry and reconstructive surgery, as well as in ophthalmology. The article studies scientific approaches to the creation of biocompatible implant materials, considers their types, defines the basic requirements for biocompatible materials.