Knowledge of the psychosocial determinants of physical activity is critical to informing preventive and therapeutic interventions in the workplace. This study reviewed available evidence on psychosocial factors that have been associated with physical activity among workers. Studies were selected in December 2019 from the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, with no date limits, using the following search terms: “physical activity”, “physical exercise”, “psychosocial”, “workers”, and “working-age”. Thirty-nine studies published between 1991 and 2019 were evaluated. The determinants of physical activity investigated among workers were smoking status, stress, psychosocial working conditions, depression, anxiety, social relationships, work ability, job satisfaction, burnout, and self-efficacy. Some consistencies and controversies were observed in the associations among these determinants and physical activity and are discussed, as are suggestions for future studies. The findings of this review may be of interest to physical activity interventions designed to reduce psychosocial risks factors in work environments.
O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a equivalência transcultural de escalas empregadas para a avaliação do nível de atividade física e que são utilizadas como estimativas da aptidão cardiorrespiratória, para posterior utilização em indivíduos idosos. Três escalas foram determinadas após revisão sistemática: Veterans Physical Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ), Rating of Perceived Capacity (RPC) e Physical Activity Rating (PA-R). Para a análise da equivalência, utilizou-se o modelo proposto por Herdman et al. Como parte do processo, a confiabilidade teste-reteste foi avaliada em uma amostra composta por 12 idosos com idade de 74,5 ± 3,5 anos, pelo cálculo dos coeficientes de concordância de Lin (CCL) e de correlação intraclasse (CCI). Detectou-se uma boa reprodutibilidade das escalas com exceção do RPC. Apesar de a quantidade de indivíduos não permitir conclusões mais aprofundadas, os resultados podem indicar necessidade de mudanças na estrutura de algumas escalas originais. Por fim, acredita-se que os resultados obtidos no presente estudo sugerem a adequação das versões das escalas para a língua portuguesa, havendo, todavia, a necessidade de um estudo de validade de critério das escalas.
Cardiorespiratory fitness is used as an independent factor for evaluating risk of all-cause mortality, but mainly from coronary heart disease. Nevertheless, evaluation of fitness based on stress tests poses numerous epidemiological difficulties. Alternative forms of evaluation have therefore been suggested using non-exercise-based regression models. This study aimed to analyze these models and their applicability to epidemiological studies. A systematic review was conducted of articles published from 1966 to 2002. The models were classified according to: (a) theoretical justification for the explanatory variables included in the model; (b) validation criteria (gold standard); (c) regression models fully reported, including standard error of estimation; and (d) cross-validation. The search process yielded 23 studies, five of which met all established quality criteria. The authors conclude that cardiorespiratory evaluation by non-exercise-based models could be feasible in epidemiological studies. However, few equations appear to meet the minimum external validation requirements to provide data that could be generalized to large populations.
ARTIGO ORIGINAL | ORIGINAL ARTICLE RESUMOO objetivo do presente estudo foi observar as respostas da pressão arterial e da modulação autonômica cardíaca depois da execução do exercício de força de forma máxima e submáxima. Três grupos foram formados, um que realizou o exercício de forma máxima (idade: 20.5 ± 0.6 anos, massa corporal: 63.7 ± 14.8 quilos, estatura: 1.70 ± 0.10 metro, índice de massa corporal: 22.8 ± 4.5 quilograma por metro quadrado [kg/m²]), outro de forma submáxima (idade: 25 ± 4.1 anos, massa corporal: 69.1 ± 12.8 quilos, estatura: 1.80 ± 0.10 metro, índice de massa corporal: 22.2 ± 1.7 kg/m²) e ainda, um controle (idade: 23.7 ± 3.8 anos, massa corporal: 64.2 ± 15 quilos, estatura: 1.70 ± 0.10 metro, índice de massa corporal: 21.8 ± 1.9 kg/m²). A pressão arterial e os intervalos R-R da freqüência cardíaca foram registrados antes do exercício e durante uma hora com cortes de dez minutos após o exercício. A análise de variância não ilustrou diferenças significativas entre os protocolos experimentais para pressão arterial (p > 0.05), porém o tamanho do efeito foi capaz de mostrar que o treino mais intenso provocou redução na pressão arterial sistólica em mais momentos. Em relação à resposta autonômica cardíaca, o grupo que se exercitou de forma submáxima exibiu um aumento significativo na razão LF/HF (p = 0,022) no momento 20 minutos pós-esforço. O protocolo mais intenso provocou reduções na pressão arterial em mais momentos, e foi mais seguro em relação à modulação autonômica cardíaca, visto que não provocou aumento na atividade simpática durante a recuperação. Palavras chave: Treinamento de resistência, exercício, pressão arterial, fisiologia cardiovascular, hipertensão. ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was verified the blood pressure responses and the cardiac autonomic modulation after the strength exercise in two different conditions (maximal and submaximal). The subjects were divided in three groups, such as: maximal repetitions (age: 20.5 ± 0.6 years, weight: 63.7 ± 14.8, height: 1.7 ± 0.1, body mass index: 22.8 ± 4.5 Kilogram per square meter (kg/m²)), submaximal repetitions (age: 25 ± 4.1 years, weight: 69.1 ± 12.8, height: 1.8 ± 0.1, body mass index: 22.2 ± 1.7 (kg/m²)) and a control group (age: 23.7 ± 3.8 years, weight: 64.2 ± 15, height: 1.7 ± 0.1, body mass index: 21.8 ± 1.9 (kg/m²)). The blood pressure and the Heart Rate R-R intervals were measured before and during one hour after the session, with 10-minutes intervals length between measurements. The analyze of variance did not showed significant differences between experimental protocols to blood pressure (p > 0.05). However, the effect size was able to show that the most intense training caused a reduction in systolic blood pressure at times. Regarding cardiac autonomic response, the group that exercised the submaximal form exhibited a significant increase in LF / HF (p = 0.022) when 20 minutes' post-exercise. There was a not significant difference in cardiac autonomic modulation between protocols. The high intensity protocol has caused...
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