Objective-To locate sources of occupational exposure to nasal and bladder carcinogens for surveillance follow up in British Columbia, Canada. Methods-Incident cases of nasal cancer (n=48), bladder cancer (n=105), and population based controls (n=159) matched for sex and age, were interviewed about their jobs, exposures, and smoking histories. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for 57 occupational groups with stratified exact methods to control for age, sex, and smoking.

For the small group of workers with compensable back injuries who receive opioids longer-term (111/1843, 6%), opioid doses increase substantially and only a minority shows clinically important improvement in pain and function. The amount of prescribed opioid received early after injury strongly predicts long-term use. More research is needed to understand clinical decisions to continue or increase opioid therapy after back injury.

BACKGROUND. There is growing evidence that many children are injured while engaged in agricultural work. However, little specific information on farm work-related injuries among minors is available, probably because employment or workers' compensation data for children are hard to obtain. METHODS. Workers' compensation data were used to evaluate occupational injuries among children in Washington State from 1986 through 1989. The frequency and severity of injuries among minors doing farm work were compared with the distributions of injuries among minors working in food service and all other occupations by year of injury, age of injury, and month and hour of injury. RESULTS. A total of 16,481 claims filed by children under age 18 were evaluated. Although farm workers accounted for only 7% of all claims, they made up 36% of claims filed by children under age 14, and 17% of claims filed by children aged 14 or 15. Injuries classified as serious accounted for 26% of farm worker claims compared with only 16% of all claims filed by children. CONCLUSIONS. Although injury rates could not be developed owing to the lack of denominator data, this study demonstrates that farm work is dangerous for young children.

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