La degradación y erosión edáfica por cambios de uso suelo, disminuyen los contenidos de carbono y su calidad. Con el objetivo de identificar y reconocer los mejores indicadores de calidad edáfica y de relacionarla con sus contenidos de carbono orgánico, se realizó esta investigación en bosques de la Reserva de la Biósfera los Volcanes. Se seleccionaron 26 sitios distribuidos entre 2600 y 3800 m de altitud colectando muestras de suelo de 0 a -0.2 m para análisis físicos y químicos y entre 0 a -0.1 m para bioquímicos y biológicos. Los resultados mostraron como excelentes indicadores parciales para evaluar calidad del suelo (IpCS) al pH, porcentaje de arena; contenido gravimétrico de agua, carbono orgánico, Ca+2 y K+ intercambiables; carbono de biomasa microbiana y actividad fosfatasa ácida y presencia/abundancia de bacterias y algas. Con estos IpCS, se determinó aditiva y conmutativamente, calidad total del suelo (CSTsum y CSTmul) cuyas tendencias fueron similares, aunque el modelo aditivo, muestra mejor que bosques afectados y vegetación secundaria (2600 y 2700 m) tienen menor calidad edáfica, mientras que en la franja media (3000-3300 m) con bosques de Abies y mixto Abies-Pino, los suelos tuvieron mayores contenidos de carbono orgánico y altas CSTsum y CSTmul.

Forest soils respond dramatically to management changes compared to other soils influenced by different land-use forms. This work aimed to compare the soil conditions in four different zones in a temperate forest in a biosphere reserve in Mexico, using a minimum data set (MDS) based on volcanic soils properties to develop a soil quality index (SQI). For this purpose, two different MDSs were used, one obtained from an expert opinion and the other through a multivariate principal component analysis (PCA). The soil quality assessment was conducted in a biosphere reserve in Mexico, where volcanic soils predominate. Four different areas were studied. Overall, six different types of SQI were calculated for each area, for which linear and nonlinear functions were used and the additive and weighted method. The six SQI showed a significant difference between the four areas of study. The zone with the highest SQI values was the zone with a preserved pine forest, followed by the zone with a pine forest managed by the population, and the zones with a pine forest and grassland in recovery showed the lowest SQI. The linear score indices obtained by the PCA indicated the better ability to differentiate the calculated SQI values, which would provide information to contribute to the stakeholder management and decision making in the protection, conservation and management of the ecosystems present in the biosphere reserve.

Overexploitation of hydric resources and lack knowledge of interactions between riparian vegetation, water and soil, generates loss of environmental services and ecological degradation in many mountainous riparian environments. In order to characterizing riparian-soils and non-riparian soils, soil organic carbon content and particulate carbon was evaluated as ecological degradation indicators and also degree of association between physical and chemical water properties with those of riparian soils. Twenty sites were selected in lotic systems between 1900-3900 m on slopes Western in Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl National-Park and influence zone. Also variability soil organic carbon content was evaluated at 1 and 5 m from stream (riparian soils) and also at more than 5 m from river (non-riparian soils) in different types of land use. Results showed signif icant relationships between soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity, pH, total nitrogen and available phosphorus with water properties (temperature, pH, conductivity, nitrates, ammonia, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and particulate organic carbon). An inverse relationship was observed between soil organic carbon content of with particulate organic carbon, nitrates and nitrites, conductivity and dissolved oxygen. No signif icant differences were found in riparian-soils organic carbon (1 and 5 m), but there were signif icant differences in non-riparian soils organic carbon. Both soil organic carbon and water organic carbon particulate contents showed signif icant differences with respect to land use. Organic carbon contents in preserved riparian soils were higher than 240 Mg SOC ha-1 but in riparian-soils of degraded sites almost f ifty times smaller (5 Mg SOC ha-1).

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