<p><strong>Background.</strong> White mango scale (WMS) is present at any physiological stage of the mango tree, can remain on leaves and fruits, and affects photosynthesis and fruit aesthetics. Knowing the population fluctuation of WMS and its natural enemies over time will help to design efficient control strategies. <strong>Objective.</strong> To determine the annual population fluctuation of WMS and its natural enemies in three mango-producing areas, in Veracruz, Mexico. <strong>Methodology. </strong>In three mango orchards cv. 'Manila' in productive stage, located in the municipalities of Actopan, Medellín, and Tierra Blanca (one orchard at each municipality), the number of female individuals and male colonies of WMS, and its natural enemies <em>Chilocorus cacti</em>, <em>Scymnus </em>spp., <em>Azya orbigera</em>, <em>Ceraeochrysa</em> spp. and <em>Pentilia</em> spp., were monitored for 12 consecutive months. <strong>Results. </strong>Higher densities of WMS and <em>Ceraeochrysa</em> spp. were found in the Actopan orchard. The density of natural enemies changed according to species and time of year. The density of <em>Pentilia</em> spp., <em>Scymnus</em> spp., and <em>Ceraeochrysa</em> spp. correlated with the WMS density, with a higher and lower density of individuals per leaf in December-May and June-October, respectively.<strong> Implications.</strong> The time when the highest and lowest populations of WMS and its natural enemies occur in different 'Manila' mango-producing areas in Veracruz were identified. This knowledge will help to define the most appropriate timing and strategy for WMS control. <strong>Conclusion. </strong>The greater WMS population coincides with the fruiting stage, so its control should start in winter, during the flowering stage. Considering that the population of <em>C. cacti</em>, <em>Pentilia</em> sp., <em>Scymnus</em> spp., and <em>Ceraeochrysa</em> spp. present positive correlation with the WMS, it is recommended to reduce the use of broad-spectrum pesticides and to increase the use of cultural practices to benefit the population of these natural enemies.</p>
Los estudios se realizaron, de 2012 a 2013 en huertos comerciales de mango manila en tres localidades de Veracruz, México; (Actopan, Cotaxtla y Tierra Blanca); con el objetivo de obtener información sobre la fluctuación de población anual de la escama blanca del mango. El monitoreo de las poblaciones se realizó cada quince días, en cada huerto se muestrearon cinco árboles a los cuales se marcaron cuatro ramas con orientación a cada punto cardinal. Se encontró que la especie que ataca al mango en Veracruz es Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Hemíptera: Diaspididae), misma que se presenta en Nayarit, México. Respecto a la fluctuación poblacional se observaron dos eventos de crecimiento poblacional una de baja densidad desde el mes de julio periodo de lluvias, hasta el mes de enero y la segunda de incremento poblacional floreció de febrero a mayo, sin embargo en marzo se detectaron diferencias significativas en las tres localidades en el número de escamas (hembras), el promedio significativamente más alto por hoja (11.32) se registró en Actopan, seguido por Tierra Blanca (4.27) y finalmente en Cotaxtla (0.89). En cuanto a las colonias de escama (machos) se detectaron diferencias significativas en marzo; Actopan registró la infestación más alta de colonias por hoja (4.12), y la más baja Cotaxtla (0.89) superado por Tierra Blanca (2.92); los resultados muestran que las tres localidades fueron susceptibles a la escama blanca.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.