Femoral catheterization is fast and simple and associated with a low risk of complications. Those which occur can usually be managed easily. Femoral catheters are usually kept in place for a short period of a few days. We, instead, used femoral catheters (FC) as a temporary vascular access for a longer period of time (until the permanent vascular access matured) in inpatients and in outpatients on regular ambulatory hemodialysis who had a problem with their permanent access. We analyzed 59 patients with end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis (HD), divided into two groups. Of the group that started with hemodialysis (group I), only 16 patients were hospitalized during the maturation of native arterio-venous fistula (AVF). Duration time of the catheters was 15-47 days (average 32 days). The second group (group II) comprised 43 patients going on regular ambulatory hemodialysis who were discharged from hospital with femoral catheters. Duration time of catheters in this group was 13-183 days (average 44.2 days). Catheters were removed when AVF matured, or if a significant complication occured. We took blood culture from peripheral vein (BCP) and from catheter (BCC) on removal of the catheter, or when we suspected infection. Catheter tips (CT) were also sent for microbiological analysis. We monitored the clinical signs of infection. We compared microbiological results of BCP, BCC and CT from the two groups using chi-square test and we did not find any significant difference among the three types of findings (p<0.05). The FC was removed from one patient only from group II because of suspicion of catheter-related infection. Two pts were treated with antibiotics (AB) systemically and locally (AB was 'locked' in the catheter) because of febricity. When the catheters were removed the microbiological findings were sterile. We concluded that FC can be used without any problem for a longer period of time for ambulatory HD, with the provision of permanent care from a team specially trained for vascular access.