Soybean is an important product for the Brazilian economy, however it has factors that can limit its productive income, like the diseases that are generally difficult to control. Thus, this article aims to use a computer program to recognize diseases in images obtained by a UAV in a soybean plantation. The program is based on computer vision and machine learning, using the SLIC algorithm to segment the images into superpixels. To achieve the objective, after the segmentation of the images, an image dataset was created with the following classes: mildew, target spot, Asian rust, soil, straw and healthy leaves, totaling 22,140 images. Diagrammatic scales were used to assess disease severity. The disease recognition computer program explored four supervised learning techniques: SVM, J48, Random Forest and KNN. The techniques that obtained the best performance were SVM and Random Forests, taking into account the results obtained with all the evaluation metrics used. It was found that the program is efficient to differentiate the classes of diseases treated in this article.