No abstract

The relationship between military expenditure and growth is studied taking into account potential nonlinearities and robustness issues in the specification of the econometric models used. Using cross‐country growth regressions and the widely used Feder–Ram model, the partial correlation between defense spending and economic growth appears robust and significantly negative only for countries with a relatively low military expenditure ratio. While the externality effect appears positive in this subgroup of countries, the overall effect turns negative due to the size effect of the military sector.

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The smoothing impact of fiscal stabilizers (proxied by government expenditures) on business cycle volatility is studied for a panel of EU countries in the period 1970-1999. Special emphasis is put on the investigation of possible nonlinearities in the relationship between GDP growth volatility and fiscal stabilizers. The results show that the business cycle volatility smoothing effect of fiscal stabilizers may revert at high levels. The results also hold when using government revenues as a proxy for fiscal stabilizers