ResumenEn este artículo se realiza un análisis de la campaña electoral desarrollada en las redes sociales, y en concreto Twitter, por parte de los cabezas de lista de ocho formaciones políticas españolas en las Elecciones al Parlamento Europeo de mayo de 2014. El objetivo fundamental del análisis es comprobar en qué medida el discurso de los candidatos se ciñe a temáticas de alcance europeo o, por el contrario, encuadra su campaña en relación con cuestiones de ámbito nacional. Para ello, el artículo desarrolla tres perspectivas metodológicas complementarias: un análisis cuantitativo (1) Este trabajo se encuadra en el marco del Proyecto de I+D+i «Los flujos de comunicación en los procesos de movilización política: medios, blogs y líderes de opinión» (ref.CSO2013-43960-R), dirigido por Guillermo López García (Profesor Titular de Periodismo. Universidad de Valencia). Proyecto del programa estatal de I+D+i orientada a los retos de la sociedad, concedido para el período 2014-2016.

La mediatización de la política alcanza su máxima expresión con motivo de las campañas electorales, en las que los actores políticos se afanan por lanzar sus mensajes persuasivos al espacio público, con el fin de acceder y, en última instancia, convencer al electorado. Este artículo se propone analizar el discurso político en los debates electorales televisados durante la campaña de las elecciones generales españolas de diciembre de 2015. El 1 Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación Mediaflows (www.mediaflows.es, CSO2016-77331-C2-1-R),

COVID-19 has generated a social crisis that has required the production of vast amounts of information of various types, including medical. In this scenario, hoaxes and fake news about health issues have also increased, encouraging disobedience of lockdown restrictions and opposition to vaccination against the disease. At the same time, because of their structure and functioning, social media networks have facilitated the production and distribution of such false information. YouTube has also been identified as a source of medical information including COVID-19 hoaxes. This research focusses on an analysis of a video viewing network on YouTube to trace the connection between various videos recommended on the platform and determine the content of the videos that compose that network. To achieve this, we carry out a content analysis supported by specialised software to extract and analyse the videos. The results reveal a limited network of videos about COVID-19, strongly related to each other. Its amateur aesthetic stands out, as well as the frequent appearance of certain personalities who, as opinion leaders in a scenario of the delegitimization of traditional institutions, become catalysts for hoaxes and fake news that call for civil disobedience and, sometimes, show links with the extreme right.

Disinformation is a communicative phenomenon that frequently feeds on political or electoral topics, as well as other aspects of our reality. This research takes as a case study the coverage given by the Spanish digital media to a hoax broadcast during the Filomena storm in 2021 that insisted that the snow was plastic. The purpose of this work is to analyze the instrumentalization of fake information as an expression of the information media crisis in the current context of disinformation. We set out four specific objectives: (SO1) to study the spread of the hoax through the media, (SO2) to analyze the construction of headlines in the news pieces, (SO3) to investigate the treatment of the hoax in the content of the pieces, and (SO4) to analyze the sources used in the pieces. To reflect on this phenomenon, we propose a three-dimensional model (structural, economic, and pragmatic) aimed at clarifying the relationship between the logic of the spread of hoaxes on the Internet and the role played by traditional media in their diffusion. The methodology used combines workflow techniques of digital methods with quantitative and content analyses. The results reveal the appropriation of certain communication strategies by digital newspapers aimed at obtaining visits. We conclude that the Spanish media, by adapting to the dynamics of disinformation irresponsibly encouraged by the attention economy, subscribe to and reinforce the crisis of credibility faced by the media ecosystem.

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