The fortunate conjunction of a large skeletal sample (n=576) and reliable burial records (n=1,564) for St. Thomas' Anglican Church cemetery (1821-1874) makes it possible to make inferences about pattems of infant death in 19th-century Belleville, Ontario. Analysis of both sets of data indicates that males and females were equally likely to die during infancy and that environmental factors played an important role in Belleville's mortality profile. The parish records reveal elevated risks of illfant death in the summer, probably from the weanling diarrhea complex, owing to unsanitary conditions and the presence of acute infectious diseases in the town. The importance of acute causes is supported by patterns of skeletal growth and development that show that St. Thomas' infants were developmentally similar to modern North American children. The study also suggests an excavation bias in the skeletal sample, with an over-representation of burials from 1840 onward. L'heureuse combinaison d'un nombre important de squelettes (576) et de nombreux dossiers d'inhumation (1,564) relies au cimetiere de l'eglise anglicane St. Thomas (1821-1874) a rendu possible I' etablissement de pro fils de mortalite infantile a Belleville au XIXe siec/e. L'analyse des deux ensembles de donnees permet d' etablir que les personnes des deux sexes etaient tout aussi susceptibles de mourir en bas iige et que les facteurs environnementaux jouaient un role important dans Ia mortalite infantile a Belleville. Les documents paroissiaux revelent un risque de mortalite infantile plus grand en ete, probablement en raison de Ia diarrhee reliee au sevrage, occasionnee par de mauvaises conditions sanitaires et Ia presence dans Ia ville de maladies infectieuses aigues. L'importance des causes aigues est appuyee par le developpement similaire des squelettes des enfants en bas iige de St. Thomas et de ceux des enfants nord-americains d'aujourd'hui. L'etude suggere de plus que I'echantillonnage des sepultures fouillees est biaise en faveur d'inhumations posterieures a 1840.
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