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There is compelling evidence of electron pockets, at the Fermi level, in the band structure for an organic zwitterion molecule of the p-benzoquinonemonoimine type. The electronic structure of the zwitterion molecular film has a definite, although small, density of states evident at the Fermi level as well as a nonzero inner potential and thus is very different from a true insulator. In spite of a small Brillouin zone, significant band width is observed in the intermolecular band dispersion. The results demonstrate that Bloch's theorem applies to the wave vector dependence of the electronic band structure formed from the molecular orbitals of adjacent molecules in a molecular thin film of a p-benzoquinonemonoimine type zwitterion.

We demonstrate the crossover from indirect-to direct band gap in tensile-strained germanium by temperature-dependent photoluminescence. The samples are strained microbridges that enhance a biaxial strain of 0.16% up to 3.6% uniaxial tensile strain. Cooling the bridges to 20 K increases the uniaxial strain up to a maximum of 5.4%. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence reveals the crossover to a fundamental direct band gap to occur between 4.0% and 4.5%. Our data are in good agreement with new theoretical computations that predict a strong bowing of the band parameters with strain.

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