ObjectiveTo investigate the association between maternal anemia and low/insufficient birth weight.DesignA prospective cohort study of pregnant women who underwent prenatal care at the healthcare units in a municipality of northeast Brazil together with their newborn infants was carried out. The pregnant women were classified as having anemia when the hemoglobin level was below 11 g/dl. Infants who were born full term weighing less than 2500 grams were classified as low birth weight, and those weighing between 2500 and 2999 grams were classified as insufficient weight. The occurrence of maternal anemia and its association with birth weight was verified using crude and adjusted Relative Risk (RR) estimates with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).ResultsThe final sample was comprised of 622 women. Maternal anemia was considered a risk factor for low/insufficient birth weight, after adjusting the effect measurement for maternal age, family income, urinary infection, parity, alcoholic beverage consumption during pregnancy and gestational body mass index: RRadjusted = 1.38 [95% CI: 1.07 to 1.77].ConclusionsMaternal anemia was associated with low/insufficient birth weight, representing a risk factor for the gestational outcomes studied.
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate an association between obesity (exposure) and periodontitis (outcome) in pregnant women. Background This association was investigated and only five studies were identified as showing a positive association. However, some of these studies had limitations such as reduced sample sizes, inadequate exposure criteria and outcome measures, which question the internal validity of these investigations. Methods A cross‐sectional study was carried out with a sample of 644 pregnant women of the public health service of the municipality of Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil. Data were obtained by collecting of socioeconomic‐demographic information, health behavior, health conditions, and reproductive history through an interview. Obesity was evaluated using body mass index adjusted for gestational age and expected weight gain. The diagnosis of periodontitis followed two criteria: (a) Center for Disease Prevention and Control and American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP); (b) Gomes‐Filho et al (2018) using criterion that also evaluated bleeding upon probing; Prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were obtained by Poisson regression analysis. Results In accordance with the outcome diagnostic criterion, the frequency of periodontitis was 17.24% (Gomes‐Filho et al) and 66.92% (CDC/AAP). The participants were classified as low weight (19.72%), adequate weight (42.39%), overweight (24.84%), and obesity (13.04%), based on the exposure diagnostic criterion. The low weight and overweight groups were excluded from the data analysis, giving a final sample of 357 pregnant women. The association between obesity in pregnant women and periodontitis was not statistically significant, after adjusting for confounders such as age, schooling level, alcoholic beverage consumption, alimentary and nutritional orientation, urinary infection, and dental flossing. Conclusions The findings showed a high frequency of periodontitis, obesity, and overweight in the studied population but no association between obesity and periodontitis in pregnant women was found.
ResultsThe following clinical parameters were used to establish the diagnosis criteria: probing depth, the distance between gingival margin and cementum enamel junction measurement, clinical attachment AbstractThis article in an updated of its original version was published in the journal intitled "Jornal Brasileiro de Clínica Odontológica Integrada", volume 9, pages 88 and 89, in 2005. Due to improved knowledge concerning human health, and changes in the clinical diagnostic criteria for periodontal diseases that occurred after the study period, the need for some updates became evident.The frequency of periodontitis in the sample varied from 17.24% to 66.92%. Conclusions:the results of the present study indicate the need to use different diagnostic criteria of periodontal diseases depending on the type of study to be developed and population investigated. Taking care to use the appropriate diagnostic criteria, besides allowing the standardization of the definition of the diseases, contributes to improving the comparability between the findings of scientific studies in this field of health, since a diversity of clinical criteria exist.
O baixo peso ao nascer, conforme a Organização Mundial de Saúde, é caracterizado como peso inferior a 2500 gramas. O evento em questão é considerado um importante determinante da morbimortalidade infantil no Brasil e no mundo, além de predispor a criança a infecções, retardo de crescimento, déficit neuropsicológico pós-natal e baixo desempenho escolar. Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre características maternas e baixo peso ao nascer. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma investigação do tipo caso-controle, em dois hospitais nos municípios vizinhos, Petrolina (PE) e Juazeiro (BA). O tamanho da amostra foi de 588 puérperas, sendo 136 do grupo caso (mulheres com filhos de baixo peso) e 452 do grupo controle (mães de filhos com peso normal). Nos procedimentos de análise de dados avaliou-se distribuição das variáveis, empregando-se o teste qui-quadrado, ao nível de significância de 5%. Este trabalho tem aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da UEFS. Resultados: Houve associação entre ocupação materna durante a gestação (p = 0,04), nível de escolaridade paterna (p = 0,01), raça/cor da mãe (p = 0,00), município de procedência (p = 0,01), idade materna (p = 0,00), número de consultas pré-natal (p = 0,00), presença do cartão da gestante no parto (p = 0,00), número de consultas realizadas pelo profissional médico (p = 0,04), número de gestações (p = 0,01) e idade gestacional (p = 0,00) com o desfecho investigado. Conclusão: Os achados reafirmam que é de suma importância à realização de assistência pré-natal de qualidade, desenvolvendo maiores esforços para identificar os fatores associados ao baixo peso ao nascer, tendo em vista a redução da ocorrência dessa condição gestacional indesejável. Palavras-chave: Baixo peso ao nascer. Epidemiologia. Abstract Introduction: Low birth weight is characterized as less than 2500 grams, according to the World Health Organization. It is considered to be an important determinant of infant morbidity-mortality in
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