Background COVID-19 is a pandemic disease that has led to inequitable supply and shortages of essential medicines worldwide due to decreased production capacity, export bans, and national stockpiling which are affecting the global pharmaceutical supply chain. Access to essential pharmaceuticals is dependent on well-functioning supply chain systems that move medicines from the manufacturer to end users at service delivery point. Objective To assess impact of Covid-19 pandemic disease on pharmaceutical shortages and supply disruptions for non-communicable diseases among public hospitals of South West, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods and Materials A multi-institutional cross sectional study design was employed. Quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized concurrently to gather data from four public hospital warehouses, dispensaries, patients, and local health authorities from March 1–30, 2021 in Ilu-Ababor and Buno-Bedelle Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia. Data were analyzed by using SPSS (version 23.0). A semi-structured interview guide was used to gather qualitative information from key informants from DTC members, patients, and local health authorities and finally analyzed through thematic approach. Results From six public hospitals in the two zones; cost of medicine increased more in Dedesa hospital compared to the other public hospital found in that zone and the effect of Covid-19 on essential medicines used for treatment of non-communicable diseases was less in Darimu Hospital. Stock status of PFSA and transportation were the major challenges during the procurement process due to Covid-19 pandemic disease. Among the EMs assessed at public hospitals, drugs used for cardiovascular diseases were out of stock for more than 90 days while anti-asthma drugs were out of stock for less than 40 days. Conclusion The availability of essential medicine was low and there was also poor inventory management practice in some of the public hospitals during Covid-19 pandemic in the study period.

Household solid waste generation rate in low-income countries is increasing due to population growth and changes in people’s lifestyles. Sorting waste into categories is an important step in household waste management. However, there is limited information about sorting practices in a low-income setting like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess household solid waste (HSW) sorting practices, and factors associated with sorting practices.A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2021 in Bedelle town. Households were randomly selected, and household heads were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. A total of 209 households were included. The proportion of households that practice waste sorting was calculated. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between HSW sorting practices and associated factors. A P-value of less than 0.05 was declared as significant. The Hosmer and Lemeshow tests were used to check for model fitness.The result of the study shows that the proportion of householders who practiced waste sorting practice in the setting was 21.53%. The sex of the household head, information on sorting benefits, and the availability of private waste collectors for resource recovery were factors in practicing waste sorting at the household level. Accordingly, male-headed households are 88% less likely to practice sorting practice than female-headed households, and those having access to information on waste sorting benefits are 3.68 times more likely to practice sorting, and similarly, households, where private waste collectors are active, are about 4 times more likely to practice waste sorting at the household level than their counterpart. This finding calls on the municipality to create awareness about solid waste sorting practices at the household level, involving both male and female householders in waste management and mobilizing waste collectors at the household level to facilitate effective waste sorting and reuse as sustainable solid waste management options in the town.