Wheat is one of the world's foremost crops where its production is growing yearly. However, the emerged virulent stripe rust races at one point of the world spread to the rest of wheat producing countries by wind as well as human travels and damaged popular resistant wheat cultivars thereby posed food insecurity. This study was carried out with the aim to identify possible sources of stripe rust resistance among Ethiopian bread wheat pipelines for durable resistance breeding. Twenty-eight advanced bread wheat pipelines, local susceptible and resistant check cultivars Kubsa and Wane respectively were field tested in randomized complete block design with three replications across two stripe rust hot-spot locations for their slow rusting characteristics. Slow rusting resistance at the adult-plant stage was assessed through the determination of final rust severity (FRS), average coefficient of infection (ACI), and relative area under disease progressive curve (rAUDPC). Among the twenty-eight, 24, 2 and 2 genotypes displayed high, moderate and low level of slow rusting over two locations respectively. The results revealed that wheat lines,

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Aflatoxins are non avoidable highly poisonous and carcinogenic auxiliary metabolite produced by some molds belonging to Aspergillus genera on range of agricultural products including malt barley. This study was conducted with the aim to examine total aflatoxin (AFT) concentration in malt barley samples. A total of eighty seven malt barley samples collected from farmers' stores and seed enterprises' of Amhara and Oromia regions were employed for aflatoxin analysis through an ELISA test. Of these, 30 (34.48%) were positive whereas the remaining 57 (54.03%) were negative. The total aflatoxin levels in the positive samples layover in a range between 0.0005µgkg -1 and 0.04µgkg -1 .The existing results undoubtedly revealed insignificant contamination of malt barley samples in Ethiopia, suggesting that concentrations were low enough and ensure compliance with the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 20 ugkg -1 , World Health Organization (WHO) 15 µgkg -1 and European Union (EU) 4-15ugkg -1 admitted levels depending on the raw material use of cereals. Fortunately, the result of this study may not lead to infer the urgent need to apply control measures against aflatoxigenic fungi and associated aflatoxins that could result adverse effects. The major factors for less contamination of malt barley by aflatoxin were expected to be pre-and post-harvest environmental factors, mechanized harvesting and proper management practices like drying before storage. Although the present status of aflatoxins is remarkably at lower concentrations, regular and accurate cereal quality testing is critical to reduce the risk of severe health problems as well as international trade repercussions.