ObjectivesThis study evaluated the influence of a multi-mode universal adhesive (MUA) containing silane (Single Bond Universal, 3M EPSE) on the bonding of resin cement to lithium disilicate.Materials and MethodsThirty IPS e.max CAD specimens (Ivoclar Vivadent) were fabricated. The surfaces were treated as follows: Group A, adhesive that did not contain silane (ANS, Porcelain Bonding Resin, Bisco); Group B, silane (S) and ANS; Group C, hydrofluoric acid (HF), S, and ANS; Group D, MUA; Group E, HF and MUA. Dual-cure resin cement (NX3, Kerr) was applied and composite resin cylinders of 0.8 mm in diameter were placed on it before light polymerization. Bonded specimens were stored in water for 24 hours or underwent a 10,000 thermocycling process prior to microshear bond strength testing. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (p < 0.05).ResultsBond strength varied significantly among the groups (p < 0.05), except for Groups A and D. Group C showed the highest initial bond strength (27.1 ± 6.9 MPa), followed by Group E, Group B, Group D, and Group A. Thermocycling significantly reduced bond strength in Groups B, C, and E (p < 0.05). Bond strength in Group C was the highest regardless of the storage conditions (p < 0.05).ConclusionsSurface treatment of lithium disilicate using HF and silane increased the bond strength of resin cement. However, after thermocycling, the silane in MUA did not help achieve durable bond strength between lithium disilicate and resin cement, even when HF was applied.

This study aimed to evaluate the improvement in strength and durability of the bond between dentin and composite resins following plasma drying of the etched dentin surface using non‐thermal atmospheric pressure plasma. Plasma drying was applied to the etched dentin before applying adhesive. Conventional wet‐bonding and helium (He) gas‐dried bonding schemes were used as control groups. The bond strength of the composite resin to dentin was measured as the microtensile bond strength at 24 h after bonding and after 10,000 cycles of thermocycling. Hybrid layer formation was observed using micro‐Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Although the bond‐strength values were not statistically different either at 24 h after bonding or after thermocycling, the bond strength of the plasma‐dried bonding group was significantly higher than the conventional wet‐bonding group and He gas‐dried bonding group. Micro‐Raman spectral analysis revealed effective penetration of the adhesive and an improved polymerization rate of the adhesive after plasma drying. Plasma drying increased the penetration of hydrophobic resin into the collagen mesh structure, which improved mechanical bonding and long‐term durability between dentin and composite resin.