Experiments executed at two experiential farms in Al-Adliya, Belbeis, Sharkia and Giza Governorate, during seasons 2019-2020, on Mango orchards by using two mineral products instead of using insecticides that may cause resurgence of pest strains resistant, emergence secondary pests by disposal of natural enemies, and raise growing public interests over issues relevant to public health, environmental quality and food safety. Therefore, there is an immediate need to incubate an alternative and environmentally suitable method for B. zonata management. This experiment evaluated treatments efficacy, kaolin and calcium carbonate compared with traditional insecticide Malathion 57%, Data explained in seasons, male numbers of B. zonata captivated every week by sticky-traps were low on the trees sprayed by kaolin and calcium carbonate than Malathion. In Al-Adliya farm lowest infestation for both of fallen and stable fruits recorded per tree sprayed with calcium carbonate average, 25.12 and 17.01% for fallen fruits and 2.22 and 2.10% for stable fruits respectively for seasons 2019-2020. Data reported, the tested formulations in area situation showed significantly depression rate, 54.94 to 81.78 for fallen and stable fruits. Modest infestation percent in Giza farm for both of fallen and stable fruits were restricted/tree in kaolin with average 20.02; 12.14 and 3.42; 4.02 for fallen and stable fruits in 2019-2020 seasons, respectively. Tested compounds kaolin and calcium carbonate able to limit B. zonata, infestation.

Two bio-insecticides, Biomctin and Tracer were evaluated for their toxicity as baits against peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in the laboratory, also their effects on some biochemical constituts of the fly were investigated. The results showed that, both Biomectin and Tracer showed toxic effects to B. zonata flies with LC 50 values of 2.39, 0.45 and 87.62, 5.61 ppm and LC 90 to 849, 83.85 and 11359, 139.45 ppm at 24 hrs and 48 hrs, for Biomctin and Tracer respectively. Results of biochemical analysis showed that, the amount of protein level decreased in treated flies to 54.5 and 29.2 mg/g. b.wt of Biomectin and Tracer respectively compared to 61.1mg/g. b.wt in the control. The activity of acetylcholine esterase also decrease in treated individuals to 692 and 727 µg/g.b.wt respectively compared to untreated ones 738 mg/g.b.wt. Level of alpha-esterases increased to 730.7 and 573 µg/g.b.wt. compared to control flies to 563.3 µg.g.b.wt. while the amount of beta-esterase showed no significant difference 193 and 182 µg/g.b.wt respectively after treatment compared to 189 µg/g.b.wt in the untreated flies. The amount of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) decreased in treated flies 28.7 and 43.7 Ux 10 3 /g.b.wt less than the untreated 113.3 Ux 10 3 /g.b.wt, while the amount of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) increased after treatment with Biomectin and decreased after treatment with Tracer 2707 and 1582 Ux 10 3 /g.b.wt, respectively compared to control ones 1937 Ux 10 3 /g.b.wt. Level of phenoloxidas increased in treated individuals 19.1 and 17.6 O.D. units/min/g.b.wt, respectively, than control 12.9. Level of lactate dehydrogenase also more in treated flies 718 and574 Ux 10 3 /g.b.wt more than control 496.3 Ux 10 3 /g.b.wt. This study improves that the two biopesticides cause toxic effects and biochemical changes in B. zonata and this may help to use them in its control instead of chemical insecticides.

Mediteranean fruit fly (MFF), Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most important pests destructing guava fruits. The present work aimed to study the adult activity of MFF using two sample methods and correlating the numbersof adults of MFF with Temperature and Relative humidity at El-Dakahlia and Kafr El-Shaikh Governorates during 2019and 2020 seasons. The obtained results indicated that MFFadults populations showed three distinct peaks at El-Dakahlia and Kafr El-Shaikh Governorates. The obtained results indicated that MFF recorded two peaks of the mean of infection per fruit and infection percentage, the first season at 15 August (4.43, 19.5%) and 22 August (4.76, 20.32). While in the second season recorded two peaks at (6 and 13 September ) the percentage of infections were (19.67% and 22.65%) respectively. The MFF population exhibited insignificant and significant correlation coefficients with temperature in the first (r=-0.20) and second (r=0.87) seasons, whereas the population showed insignificant response to relative humidity at El-Dakahlia and Kafr El-Shaikh Governorates.

This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of foliar extracts of four medical plants, harmal (Peganum harmala L.), laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), marmaria (Salvia officinalis L) and zizyphus (Zizyphus spina-christi. Willd) on fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and peach fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders).The effect of these extracts on larvae pupal duration, percent of malformation, percent of reduction in infestation and percent reduction in number of punctures /fruit .The results proved that, harmal, laurel and zizyphus show toxic effect on both C. capitata and B. zonata larvae. harmal was more toxic to the larvae of both flies than the other three compounds ,with LC50 values 8.52 and10.5 ml/L for both flies, respectively. Harmal recorded the highest mean of malformation percent 48.79 and 43.62% for C. capitata and B. zonata, respectively followed by laurel and zizyphus in case of C. capitata and zizyphus and laurel in case of B. zonata. Harmal recorded the highest mean of reduction percent of infestation followed by laurel and marmaria in case of C. capitata and laurel and zizyphus in case of B. zonata. the highest mean of percent reduction in number of punctures/fruit was recorded after treatment with harmal and laurel for both C. capitata and B. zonata. The tested extracts show toxic effect on larvae of both flies, cause changes in some biological measurements and reduce both percent of infestation and number of punctures/fruit, so these extracts could be incorporated in management programmes of both fruit flies.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity of Syotin 25% (Pyrethroid) Solar (petroleum product) or diesel fuel and plant ash to Bactrocera. zonata (Saunders), full grown larvae in three different soil types sandy, clay and mixed soil (mixture of sandy and clay (1:1) by volume), and the effect of different soil depths and types on the emergence rate of B. zonata pupae. The results proved that, Solar in sandy soil recorded the highest mean of mortality 71.044% followed by Syotin in clay soil recording 68.89% and there is no significant differences in means of mortality for Syotin and Solar in all soil types while there is a significance in means of mortality for ash treatments. Syotin recorded the lowest LC 50 value 0.925 ml/L while Solar recorded the lowest LC 90 value 8.541 ml/l., comparing the efficacy of the three compounds on the mean percentage of mortality regardless to the soil type. Syotin cause the highest mean of mortality 60.9% followed by Solar recorded 55.2%. There is no effect of the type of soil used on the mean percentage of mortality. The highest rate of emerged flies was obtained at the lowest soil depth. At 16 cm depth no emergence was observed in dry clay soil while 3.33% emergence was observed in dry mixed soil at 14 and 16 cm depth. The results cleared that soil's type and depth of burying pupae has an influence of the rate of emergence of B. zonata adults.