disrupt bacterial replication in infected macrophages. This cumulative evidence indicates the methylation effect of Legionella effector Lpg2936 on the host autophagy-related molecules Atg7 and LC3B and subsequent reduction in the expression levels of autophagy effectors during intracellular replication of L. pneumophila.

Purpose:In patients with massive ascites, large volume paracentesis may be associated with complications as circulatory dysfunction. Selection of appropriate patients might reduce such side effects.Patients and Methods:Forty-five patients known to have liver cirrhosis and presenting with massive ascites were included. There were 27 males and 18 females, with age (mean 51.2+10.64). All patients were subjected to full history, clinical examination, complete blood picture, prothrombin time, serum albumin, total plasma protein, serum bilirubin, serum creatinine, serum electrolytes and plasma renin activity measured by radioimmunoassay. Echocardiographic evaluation for cardiac output, pulmonary artery pressure, diastolic and systolic function before and after paracentesis. Large-volume paracentesis (LVP) ranging 8–18 liters with a mean 9.9 L was performed to all patients. Paracentesis induced circulatory dysfunction (PICD) was defined as increase in plasma renin activity (PRA) of more than 50% of pretreatment value to a level greater than 7.5ng /ml/ hour on the 6th day after paracentesis.Results:The incidence of PICD in patients with massive hepatic ascites was 73.3% (87.5% with Dextran and 38.5% with albumin). There were no serious systemic or local side effects one week following LVP. Type of plasma expander and younger ages were the only independent predictors (odd ratio OR with 95% confidence interval CI, 3.01<21.79<157.58 and 0.80<.88<.97 respectively) Gender and other clinical and laboratory parameters had no influence. Neither electrolytes levels nor hematocrite value had an influence. Ascitic patients showed higher heart rate and cardiac output and lower arterial pressure that was accentuated after LVP (P < 0.01). Echocardiographic diastolic function, A wave velocity and deceleration time of the E wave were markedly increased in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites and the E/A ratio was markedly reduced (0.9 ± 0.3) but was not significantly affected by LVP. Ejection fraction had similar values of the normal patients with a tendency to increase after paracentesis. There were no changes in the left ventricular wall thickness.Conclusion:LVP is a safe and effective procedure for treatment of tense/refractory ascites. PICD is a frequently occurring silent complication following LVP. Salt free human albumin should be the plasma expander of choice especially if at least 8 liters are evacuated. Left ventricular diastolic function is altered in cirrhosis with tense ascites. This may represent an early stage of hepatic cardiomyopathy but was not affected by LVP and this was not reflected on the occurrence of PICD.

The research highlights the environmentally sustainable biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from fresh leaves of the herbal medicinal plant Moringa oleifera. They may have been used as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial agents. M. oleifera extract both reduces and stabilizes silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Optimum factors needed for AgNP biosynthesis were studied using a central composite design (CCD) matrix. Ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to confirm and characterize the synthesized AgNPs. The biogenic AgNPs demonstrated substantial antibacterial potential against the pathogenic strains Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. The antioxidant activity of biosynthesized AgNPs with M. oleifera extract increased from 11.96% when the concentration of the extract was 4 mg/mL to 63.79% at a plant concentration of 20 mg/mL. This research provides an easy and cost-effective technique for the production of stable nanoparticles, with an evaluation of their bioactivity.

Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes drastic infections in cattle and humans. In this study, 55 isolates were recovered from 115 nasal swabs from apparently healthy and diseased cattle and humans in Minufiya and Qalyubia, Egypt. These isolates were confirmed by kmt1 existence, and molecular classification of the capsular types showed that types B, D, and E represented 23/55 (41.8%), 21/55 (38.1%), and 11/55 (20.0%), respectively. The isolates were screened for five virulence genes with hgbA, hgbB, and ptfA detected in 28/55 (50.9%), 30/55 (54.5%), and 25/55 (45.5%), respectively. We detected 17 capsular and virulence gene combinations with a discriminatory power (DI) of 0.9286; the most prevalent profiles were dcbF type D and dcbF type D, hgbA, hgbB, and ptfA, which represented 8/55 (14.5%) each. These strains exhibited high ranges of multiple antimicrobial resistance indices; the lowest resistances were against chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and levofloxacin. The macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B methylase gene erm(Q), with erm(42) encoding MLSB monomethyltransferase, mph(E) encoding a macrolide efflux pump, and msr(E) encoding macrolide-inactivating phosphotransferase were present. The class 1 and 2 integrons and extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes intl1, intl2, blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M-1, and blaTEM were detected. It is obvious to state that co-occurrence of resistance genes resulted in multiple drug-resistant phenotypes. The identified isolates were virulent, genetically diverse, and resistant to antimicrobials, highlighting the potential risk to livestock and humans.

Background: Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is known for inducing variable serious outcomes. In many previous studies, pregnancy was evaluated as a single event while in reality; it has different distinct immunological stages depending on gestational time and possible external factors as infectious agents. A state of immunological balance as well as a state of maternal-fetal tolerance should be established; otherwise, atypical unwelcomed outcomes might occur as a result of such infection Aim: This work aimed to study the gene expression profile of some pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in Toxoplasma seropositive cases Results: All studied cytokines were significantly upregulated in group I, with a remarkable bias towards IFN-γ, denoting a predominant inflammatory state in group I. In group II; tested cytokines were approximately in a balanced state with a little shift towards anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β). A significant positive correlation was detected between pro-inflammatory together (p = 0.002, r = 0.96) and between anti-inflammatory cytokines together (p = 0.0008, r = 0.99) in group II, indicating the harmonized and synchronized expression of both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In group III, IL-10 was relatively higher with negative correlation with IFN-γ (p = 0.006, r = 0.93), indicating the possible role of IL10 in saving some of the pregnancies' outcomes in group III. Conclusion: The present study suggests a potential role of these cytokines in the upcoming prognostic or/and therapeutic concerns of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women.