IntroductionDespite the importance of sleep, the assessment of sleep quality does not form part of standard clinical care in intensive care unit (ICU). Continuous assessment of self-reported quality of ICU patients’ sleep has been strongly recommended. Prior to implementing such an assessment in the ICU, it is important to assess the acceptability of this method of assessment to the ICU’s patients. The aims of this study were to assess the acceptability to ICU patients of completing daily self-reports on sleep quality during their ICU stay and to assess ICU patients’ self-reported sleep quality and sleep disruptive factors during their time in ICU.MethodsAn observational prospective-repeated assessment was conducted on n=120 patients in an ICU in Saudi Arabia. The participants were both intubated and non-intubated.Outcomes measuresOver a 3-month period, sleep quality was assessed using the Arabic version of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ-A), and self-reported sleep disruptive factors were identified. Clinical factors, such as ICU interventions, and previously administered sedatives were also examined. The patients’ acceptance of completing daily RCSQ-A reports was assessed using various indicators of acceptability.ResultsA total of 381 self-reports (RCSQ-A) were collected for this analysis. The patients reported 34.4±5.60, indicating that sleep quality was poor on average. The group of intubated patients reported much poorer sleep quality during intubation than after extubation. In the multivariate analysis, factors which most significantly affected sleep (exp(b), p value) were midazolam (−6.424, p<0.0005), propofol (−3.600, p<0.05), noise (−1.033, p<0.05), gender (1.836, p<0.05), daytime sleepiness (0.856, p<0.05) and the presence of mechanical ventilation (−1.218, p<0.05).ConclusionThe acceptability and feasibility of using daily RCSQ-A for sleep quality assessment was demonstrated. Sleep quality was reported as poor by all participants and the factors affecting sleep were varied. This study provided various recommendations for healthcare providers and researchers in terms of evaluating and improving sleep quality in ICU patients.

Background and PurposeTo translate Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) into the Arabic language (RCSQ-A), to assess content validity of the translated tool, to analyze the internal consistency, and to evaluate its feasibility.MethodsA rigorous translation was completed using the process of translation by World Health Organization. Cognitive debriefing interviews were performed. Repeated assessments using RCSQ-A was conducted in critical care patients in Saudi Arabia.ResultCronbach's alpha of .89 was seen in the RCSQ-A. The cognitive interviews showed that the RCSQ-A well understood and interpreted correctly and consistently. Fifty-seven participants reported their sleep using RCSQ-A a total of 110 times.ConclusionRCSQ-A has adequate translation validity, provided good internal consistency and content validity, making it suitable for use as a measurement tool in practice and research in Arabic-speaking countries.

Background and objectiveExamples of patients becoming health promoters for diabetes prevention in their own families, although few, are on the rise. Nevertheless, despite this increase in patient involvement in diabetes prevention, there is scarce research regarding healthcare providers' perspectives on the active engagement of patients as health promoters for their family members. In light of this, we aimed to explore the perspectives of healthcare providers working at primary health clinics regarding patient involvement in diabetes prevention among their own family members and close relatives. MethodologyThis study was conducted between July and December 2022 at the Primary Healthcare Clinics at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, in Riyadh and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Semistructured interviews based on purposive sampling were conducted with 13 participants, and their data were thematically analyzed. ResultsTwo main themes emerged from the interviews: the patients' readiness to be health promoters and the willingness of healthcare staff to support promoter patients. Healthcare providers perceived the involvement of diabetes patients in promoting the health of their family members and close relatives as beneficial; however, several barriers may prevent these patients from becoming effective health promoters. ConclusionsHealthcare providers understand the significance of involving patients with diabetes as health promoters for their family members and close relatives. Patients can offer unique insights into the lived experience of diabetes management, as well as provide practical advice for lifestyle adjustments. Nevertheless, healthcare providers should also recognize the limits of patients' knowledge and skills and ensure that patients receive proper training and support to serve as effective health educators.

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