Vitiligo is a relatively common disorder characterized by areas of depigmented skin. It may be associated with social stigma and adversely affects the quality of life. Although many treatment options are available, none is curable. The search continues for an effective therapeutic option. New targeted options include biologics and other immunomodulatory agents, with varying degrees of evidence. We have discussed briefly the therapeutic options with special emphasis on the newer immunomodulatory agents. We undertook a comprehensive English literature search across multiple databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane using keywords (alone and in combination) and MeSH items such as “vitiligo,” “treatment,” “recent,” and “immunomodulators” to obtain several relevant articles, priority being given to prospective randomized controlled trials. We scanned all the relevant articles and summarized them to obtain the latest information about the treatment of this condition to prepare the current article.

Methotrexate (MTX) is a systemic immunosuppressant drug used for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Previous studies demonstrated a potential association between psoriasis and diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, eventuating into metabolic syndrome. This study aimed at exploring the glycemic effects of MTX in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 27 patients with PsA were evaluated. The status of PsA and presence of accompanying metabolic syndrome was determined by standard criteria and indices. Blood indicators including HbA1c, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein were examined before and 12 weeks after MTX therapy. There were no significant changes between HbA1c levels before and after MTX therapy in both genders (men: P=0.131, women: P=0.803). In addition, HbA1c levels in PsA patients with metabolic syndrome were not different before and after treatment (P=0.250). Finally, HbA1c levels did not change in PsA patients without metabolic syndrome before and after therapy (P=0.506). MTX in PsA patients does not appear to have hyperglycaemic effects in the short-term and can be safely used in patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes.

BackgroundHemangioendothelioma includes several types of vascular neoplasms, as well as both benign and malignant growth.Case presentationThis study evaluated a case of a 78-year-old female diagnosed with composite hemangioendothelioma (CHE). This patient had an 18-month history of painless inflammatory lesions and erythema on the left forehead and right upper eyelid. The clinical and pathologic characteristics of the CHE were evaluated in the present study.ConclusionThe evidence of the coexistence of variable components of the CHE in our study emphasized the importance of distinctive morphology and biology, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other vascular lesions.

Humans have been exposed to varying levels of visible and invisible light since the beginning of their development on earth. Moreover, the inescapable consequences of industrialization and global modernization have caused enormous changes in people's lifestyles in both developing and developed countries during the past few decades. Humans are now overexposed to artificial light during days and nights and do not receive adequate natural light during the day.Artificial lights have been incorporated into daily life as a result of digitization, which has led to light pollution. To make the days longer for work or for modern life, artificial light has been produced. Therefore, our body no longer gets the cues it previously did to get ready for sleep and act according to normal circadian rhythm.The change in the evening and night time light has also an adverse effect on our body circadian rhythm and general health. The skin, as the biggest organ in the body, is immediately exposed to both artificial and environmental light and the outside trauma. It serves as the initial line of protection against environmental hazards. The skin has also shown to have a substantial circadian rhythm due to