Biotic and abiotic stress particularly fungal diseases and salinity are major challenges facing mango cultivations in Oman. Micropropagation technique for multiplying disease resistant and salinity tolerant elite cultivars could be utilized to replace dead and infected plants in mango orchards but standardize in-vitro regeneration protocol via somatic embryogenesis is prerequisite. Nucellar tissues from immature mango fruits of monoembryonic cultivars Alphonso, Amrapali, Dashehari and Zafran, and polyembryonic cultivars Carabao and Turpentine were used as explants to induce somatic embryogenesis plantlets. Gamborg's B5 macronutrients, Murashige and Skoog micronutrients, iron source, vitamins and organics were used as standard basal media for all types of media used at each stage of somatic embryo development and regeneration. Induction medium 2 containing 2 mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine were induced highest percentage of primary somatic embryos for Alphonso (22.08%) while induction medium 3 having 1 mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with sucrose 60 gm/l and induction medium 1 containing 1 mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.25 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine induced highest percentage of primary somatic embryos in Carabao (29.17%) and Turpentine (42.71%) respectively. Maximum somatic embryo germination were achieved in germination medium 2 containing 0.1 mg/l Indole-3-acetic acid and 0.5 mg/l Gibberellic acid for Alphonso (7.34%) and Turpentine (3.34%) while for Carabao (18.59%) in germination medium 1 which does not contain any plant growth regulators. Germinated plantlets are surviving well in ex-vitro conditions after 4 months of transfer to greenhouse and survival rate of 66.66% for Alphonso, 26.68% for Carabao and 49.16% for Turpentine was obtained.

Vegetative propagation via grafting is a common method to propagate mono-embryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties in Oman which is time consuming and expensive. Standardize in-vitro regeneration protocol in producing true-to-type, disease free and homogeneous high quality plants is prerequisite. Nucellar tissues from immature mango fruits of mono-embryonic cv. Baramasi were used as explants to induce somatic embryogenesis and plantlets regeneration. Several media compositions were evaluated for all the four stages that is, induction, conversion, maturation and germination. Modified Gamborg's B5 major salts, MS minor salts, iron source and organics were used as basal media with varying hormone concentrations. The highest number of callused explants (12.6) was observed in induction media 1 (IND1) containing 1 mg/l 2, 4-D, 0.25 mg/l BAP, 400 mg/l L-glutamine and 500 mg/l malt extract. About 49.6% callus produced somatic embryos (SEs) and maximum 69.7 SEs were proliferated from each embryogenic callus in conversion media 2 (CM2) having 0.5 mg/l BAP. The highest germination (35.9%) with well-developed shoot, leaves and roots was observed in germination media 5 (GM5) containing 0.1 mg/l IAA, 1 mg/l Kinetin and 0.5 mg/l GA3. About 65% of transplanted plants are still surviving in green house conditions even after 4 months of transfer.