Objectives: The objective was to determine the frequency of Premenstrual Syndrome and its association with progression of academic years among the medical students. Study Design and Setting: A cross sectional study was conducted at United Medical and Dental College Karachi from January to June 2018 among 150 female medical students. Methodology: A structured questionnaire was designed to assess the demographic characteristics and symptoms of PMS if any experienced by the participants included in the study. The severity symptoms of PMS were marked by the participants on the behalf of their impact on their routine activity & performance, ranking from mild, moderate to severe. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The frequency of PMS was reported as 39% in the study participants among them 79.31% showed mild form, 17.24% showed moderate and 3.44% were diagnosed with severe PMS. Increased frequency of PMS in female medical students was observed to be associated with progression of their academic years, with final year students having highest percentage. Academic year of MBBS, type of accommodation, and occupation of mother, menstrual cycle regularity and history of PMS in family were found to be statistically significant risk factors associated with PMS. Conclusion: Premenstrual syndrome is a prevalent health issue in medical students, increasing year to year during their studies, which may unfavorably have affects on their quality of life and overall performance.

Background: Female teachers like other professionals, also face stress and exhaustion due to their jobs, which may lead to burnout. Objective: To investigate the various degrees of burnout and its association with demographic factors on female teachers of private and public sector elementary schools, Karachi Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 800 female teachers in Karachi Pakistan, from January to May 2017. MBI-HSS was used as an instrument for this extensive study, data was stored and analyzed on IBM-SPSS version 22.0. Pearson chi-square was done to see the association of demographics with burnout, one-way ANOVA to compare scores of MBI with marital status and zone, Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons between the groups, and Cronbach's alpha to evaluate the measure of internal consistency. Results: The results revealed that among the female elementary school teachers, a total of 96.9% reported burnout (13% mild, 58% moderate, 19.6% severe, 6.3% extreme) and 3.1% had no burnout. Burnout varies with marital status (highest in married participants) and zone (highest in east zone) (p values<0.05) only. One-way ANOVA demonstrate that the separated women had higher mean scores on MBI scales compared to married & unmarried women (p-value =0.48), furthermore, East zone respondents have higher MBI scores as compared to all other regions. Tukey’s test showed that East zone gave significant mean differences for south and west zone (P-value <0.05). Cronbach’s alpha was found to be (0.384) for the overall scale confirming the reliability of subscales and MBI. Conclusion: Our results show a high prevalence of burnout and the positive association of Burnout with marital status and zones.