To compare the frequency of common musculoskeletal disorders due to prolong sitting among private and public sector bankers. This study was a cross-sectional study. Participants between 25-50 years of age, working in banks for more than one year were inducted in the study. All bankers were divided into private and public sector groups. Employees were selected from private sector and public sector banks of Karachi. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from bankers of both sectors. The study shows that 44.6% government employees were suffering from shoulder pain, while 36.9% private sector bankers having this problem. Among them 18.2% of public sector bankers suffered from neck pain. However, only 9% of public sector bankers perform gym activity regularly. The result of the study shows that, participants who work for prolong period of time adapted poor posture while sitting have high frequency of musculoskeletal disorders. The study also shows that private sector bankers are more vigilant about their health and posture as compared to the public sector bankers.

To evaluate the Q/H strength ratio, before and after the isotonic exercises. The Quasi experimental design was selected in this study. 50 female patients with knee osteoarthritis and disturbed Quadriceps – Hamstring (Q/H) ratio were assessed through Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Range Of Motion, Kellgren-Lawrence Scale and Repetition Maximum (RM). All of the patients were assessed at 1st visit, and then 15 sessions of isotonic exercises were given. They were examined again at 15th day to assess the effects of isotonic exercises on Q/H ratio. There was a significant difference in Q/H ratio before and after isotonic exercises. The average Q/H ratio before an exercise was less (0.8712 ± 0.1174) as compared to the ratio taken after exercises (0.9832 ± 0.1127). The P-value was less than 0.05 that was significant. The strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles were increased, hence reduced the intensity of pain. The isotonic exercises were found to be effective for strengthening of quadriceps and hamstring muscles. There was a significant increase in Q/H ratio after isotonic exercises, with improvement in pain and ROM. This may improve their daily functional activities.

Global health authorities have emphasized the vital role of healthcare professionals (HCPs) as a reliable source of vaccination information for patients in primary care. However, HCPs are concerned whether COVID-19 vaccinations can be used off-label. Hence, the current study was conducted to assess their perspectives towards off-label COVID-19 immunization in children. The study tool, consisting of 40 items, was utilized to evaluate HCPs’ knowledge and attitudes towards the off-label use of the COVID-19 vaccine in children under 12 years of age. To assess the unfavorable attitudes regarding vaccinations, the Vaccination Attitudes Examination Scale was employed. Overall, 477 completed questionnaires were incorporated in the present study, with a response rate of 88.9%. The mean age of the respondents was 38.6 ± 7.5 years; among whom the majority were physicians, n = 209 (43.8%), and pharmacists, n = 112 (23.4%). Approximately 78% of the respondents had a general awareness of off-label vaccination. Around 80% knew the adverse drug reactions associated with the use of COVID-19 vaccines. Females showed more mistrust about vaccine benefits, n = 55 (16.9%), compared to males, n = 21 (13.8%), and concerns about commercial profits of vaccines, n = 59 (18.1%), compared to males, n = 19 (12.5%). By profession, physicians showed statistically significantly lower mistrust, n = 18 (8.6%), and higher concerns about unpredicted effects of vaccines, n = 41 (19.6%). A major portion of the respondents, n = 327 (68.5%), did not consider that HCPs should prescribe/administer off-label COVID-19 vaccination in children. The current findings demonstrated that respondents had an appropriate level of understanding about COVID-19 immunization in children. They showed higher levels of rejection for off-label use of the COVID-19 vaccination.

OBJECTIVE To compare the knowledge and practice of ergonomics among bankers of private and public sector. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted on bankers of Karachi over a period of 6 months. 200 participants were recruited from one of the reputed public sector bank of Karachi for the observational study. Another group of 200 members was taken from different private banks of Karachi. Convenience, sampling technique was chosen for data collection by using self-administered Questionnaire. Data entry was done on SPSS Version 20. Mean is calculated by using One sample T-test and considered significant at p value <0.05. In addition, the frequencies and percentages were taken as descriptive statistics for categorical variables. RESULTS The workshop on ergonomics revealed statistically significant difference between the mean values 1.82, (p =0.00) and 1.95 (p=0.06) in the private and public sector bankers respectively. In addition, the means of back care were also calculated between the two sectors; showing higher mean values (1.83,) among the public sector bankers as compared to the private sector bankers (1.72, p=0.00). CONCLUSION` Our result shows that private sector bankers are more vigilant about their health and posture as compared to the public sector. The above result appears to be useful indicators of determining the risk of musculoskeletal problems among bankers.

BACKGROUND The online social networking is rapidly changing the lives of human beings. Young people especially students are more addicted to new technologies and to online social networking site. The popularity of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Whatsapp continue to grow and making remarkable changes in world now a day. OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of Facebook addiction on academic performance, self-esteem and intelligence quotient (IQ) level among the undergraduate students. METHODOLOGY This is a cross sectional observational study, that was conducted on undergraduate students of College of Physical Therapy. 150 undergraduate PT students (males and females) of second, third, fourth and fifth years were included in this study, who have been using Facebook from 8 months or above. RESULT Among 150 students, 83 (55.33%) participants were Facebook addicted, whereas 67 (44.67%) participants were not addicted to Facebook. The age of the students range from 18 to 25 years and the mean age of all students was 21.7 years. There was a significant association between Facebook addiction with academic performance of students according to their GPA (p-value =0.00), with IQ level (p value = 0.00), and with self-esteem level (p-value = 0.00) of students.