Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine an empirical model of internal marketing (IM) and internal service quality (ISQ) in tourism restaurants operating in Jordan. Design/methodology/approach -A structured and self-administered survey was employed targeting managers and employees of tourism restaurants operating in Jordan. A sample of 334 of tourism restaurants managers and employees were involved in the survey. A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess the research constructs dimensions, unidimensionality, validity and composite reliability. Structural path model analysis was also used to test the hypothesised interrelationships of the research model. Findings -The empirical findings indicate that IM consists of six dimensions: staff recruitment, staff training, internal communications, staff motivation, job security and staff retention. Staff recruitment, staff training, and internal communications positively and significantly affected staff motivation. Staff recruitment and internal communications positively and significantly affected ISQ. Staff motivation positively and significantly affected job security, and job security positively and significantly affected staff retention. Finally, staff retention has positively and significantly affected ISQ. Staff recruitment exerted the strongest effect on both staff motivation and ISQ. Research limitations/implications -Theoretically, the authors examined only six components of IM that lead to ISQ; meanwhile other components could affect ISQ. There could also be other factors that affect the practice and components of IM and ISQ. This research has also examined the effect of IM and ISQ only. The potential effect of ISQ on business performance needs to be examined. Practical implications -Tourism restaurants managers should have a holistic approach for IM and ISQ. Three dimensions of ISQ -reliability, assurance and empathy -loaded on one factor named "interaction quality". This finding has important implications since it reveals that "internal customers" (employees) have "working needs" that should be met in order to meet and satisfy external customers' needs. Managers and executives can benefit from the research findings while designing their IM and ISQ strategies to achieve long-term organisational objectives. Originality/value -This is the first research effort devoted to examining the interrelationships of IM and ISQ in tourism restaurants. Executives and managers can benefit from the research findings while designing their IM and ISQ strategies to achieve long-term organisational objectives. International tourism organisations planning to expand their operations Jordan's tourism industry have now valuable empirical evidence regarding two important concepts in this industry -IM and ISQ.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of tax structures on economic growth in Jordan over the period 1980-2015 using error correction techniques. It provides empirical evidence that the tax structure itself, comprising direct taxes, indirect taxes and total tax revenues, is an insufficient indicator for policymakers, whereas when each tax was included separately in the model, it was found that income tax, corporate taxes and personal taxes influenced per capita income growth negatively and that all of them were distortionary taxes. They greatly reduced both short and long-term per capita growth, while tariffs and consumption taxes were found to influence per capita income growth positively. The study also shows that relying heavily on increasing total taxes without taking into consideration the tax structure of the country would lead to a reduction in per capita income, in contrast to other tax structures that showed positive and neutral effects on per capita income. Tax reform and shifting from income taxes toward consumption taxes and tariffs would therefore enhance the well-being of individuals and increase their share of output. Design/methodology/approach -This study uses an analytical approach in the framework of an error correction model. This approach allows us to overcome many problems in time series data such as non-stationary, serial correlation and endogeneity of variables, which have been ignored in many published studies dealing with time series data. Findings -The analysis shows that consumption and tariffs have a positive effect on per capita gross domestic product growth, whereas income taxes negatively influenced this growth measure. This implies that attention must be paid to a preference for consumption and tariffs to provide sustained growth. The authors recommend that the government objective should shift from raising revenues to achieving social justice and efficiency. Research limitations/implications -There are two main limitations inherent this study. The first limitation in regard to the missing data in the series for labor force and average years of schooling, interpolation method used to overcome this shortage. While the second limitation is about the importance of the tax structure itself and its direct impact on such patterns of investment which have been considered but within narrow limits. Practical implications -The relationship between taxes and economic growth is a controversial aspect of economics, because of its high impact on the decisions made by individuals and institutions, along with its direct influence on the economy as a whole. The authors recommend that the Jordanian government's objective should shift from raising revenues to achieving social justice and efficiency. Furthermore, Jordan's weak tax performance and ineffective tax structure indicate the importance for policymakers of focusing more closely on enhancing future per capita growth, which can be done by shifting from income tax toward consumption and trade taxes. On another level, polic...

Recent literature emphasized purchasing as a strategic function to improve competitiveness, but existing purchasing models lack a comprehensive approach to define the variety of purchasing practices in purchasing strategic categories. This paper assesses purchasing practices' strategic fit with business strategic priorities, providing an in-depth, descriptive assessment of different purchasing construct practices, and proposing a framework to allocate the variety of purchasing practices according to the targeted strategic intent. The model was tested with cluster analysis of structured questionnaire data from industrial firms in Jordan, to develop an empirical taxonomy of purchasing operational practices. The results suggest that purchasing practices can be grouped into three categories (cost, quality, and availability practices) and there is a significant relationship between different possible purchasing practices and varied related strategic intents, which can be utilized to improve business performance. Practical implications are provided for purchasing executives to better understand what practices need to be adopted in order to reduce transaction costs, in support of firms' overall business strategies.

COVID-19 has posed unprecedented challenges for organizations and impacts on employees worldwide, particularly in the healthcare sector. This paper proposes a conceptual model to examine the mediating effects of job satisfaction and job burnout on the relationship between COVID-19 organizational support (COVID-OS) and employee voice among pharmaceutical stakeholders in Jordan. To empirically test the model, the data were collected through a questionnaire from 248 community pharmacists in Jordan. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation between variables, and hypothesis testing were carried out. The findings supported the proposed model and showed that there is a direct relationship between COVID-OS and employee voice. The findings also revealed that this direct relationship can be mediated by the work-related well-being dimensions of job satisfaction and job burnout. Moreover, It is found that job satisfaction negatively affects job burnout of the employees. This paper makes significant contributions to the theoretical knowledge base and provides practical implications for the context of pharmaceutical employee management, with broader implications for professions related to healthcare services

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