Background: Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement that requires the use of energy, where it is recommended, that teenagers get 60 minutes of moderate to severe physical activity. However, almost majority of the teenagers around the globe are getting inadequate physical activity. Objectives: • To analyze social, cultural and religious factors that affect physical activity. • To identify different personal factors such as body image, self esteem and their effects on physical activity. • To identify ecological and academic factors leading to decrease physical activity and its associated comorbidities. • To identify the role of government in evaluating the availability of sports centres and other facilities for adolescents /teenagers. Study Design: A cross sectional study Place and Duration: Conducted Jinnah College Peshawar and Islamia College Peshawar, during from the period March 2018 to May 2018. Methodology: Sample under study was based on teenage students (16 to 19 years) with a total size of 150 students that were part of bachelor program (BS Botany) , who were obese or over-weight by appearance. The students were given standardized questionnaires randomly, regardless of gender. Collected data obtained from questionnaire were analyzed. Results: According to the results, 94.41% students had barriers to physical activities while 5.68% had none. 75 students (50%) said that they did not have any previous bad experiences with their appearance while 30 students (21.7%) said that they did. More- over, 59 students (39.3%) said that their reduced activity was due to lack of time while 55 students (36.7%) felt that the lack of safe places was the causative factor. 60 students (40%) students felt that they needed a partner while 57 students (38%) just felt de-moti- vated. Conclusion: On the basis of this study, we conclude that majority of the students have various barriers regarding their physical activities. 94.31% of the students reportedly have barriers while 5.69% had no barrier whatsoever, and they were well aware of the consequences such as obesity, diabetes etc. Keywords: Physical activity, Barriers, Over-weight, Obese.

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the incidence and subtype of thyroid cancer in multinodular goitre (MNG) patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted at the Khyber Teaching Hospital, screening 207 MNG patients who received complete thyroidectomies between July and December 2022. The senior consultant diagnosed thyroid cancer based on a complete history, physical examination, and laboratory and radiological studies. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed by a senior consultant radiologist. Bethesda categories for all lesions were recorded. All patients underwent thyroidectomy, and the diagnosis of thyroid cancer was confirmed on histopathology. ResultsA total of 207 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 45.55 ± 8.75 years. Out of 207 patients, 24 (11.59%) were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Out of 62 male patients, 15 (7.25%) had thyroid cancer. Out of 145 female patients, only nine had cancer (p < 0.001). Nine patients with thyroid cancer had a body mass index (BMI) below 18, compared to only five patients with a BMI of more than 30 kg/m 2 . The difference in age distribution was not significant in our study (p = 0.102). ConclusionIn conclusion, our study sheds light on the frequency and potential risk factors associated with thyroid cancer in patients with multinodular goiter. Our findings reveal that papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most commonly observed form of thyroid cancer in this patient population, with around 12 percent of patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Notably, our study highlights that male patients and those with a lower BMI may have a greater risk of developing thyroid cancer in the context of multinodular goiter. The findings of this study have important implications for the care and follow-up of MNG patients who receive total thyroidectomy. Further research is needed to investigate the type and prognosis of thyroid cancer in patients with MNG.