Hydroxyapatite powder Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 was prepared locally from Iraqi beef bones, and characterization the powder as well as studied purity. A composite of hydroxyapatite-alumina was also prepared with a ratio of alumina 0,5,10,15,20,25% wt. Use polyethylene glycol as a binder with 1% wt by dissolving polyethylene glycol with ethanol (1g: 100ml) at 40 °C and using a magnetic stirrer to obtain a homogeneous solution for the material. Then drying the powder and pressing to prepare compound samples, after that heat treatment at 1350°C for three hours. The physical and mechanical properties studied such as density, porosity, water absorption ratio, hardness and compression resistance, as well as X-ray diffraction and X-ray florescence. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the hydroxyapatite phase was stabilized for all prepared samples before and after heat treatment with chemical form Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, the hydroxyapatite showed a stabilization in phase before and after heat treatment without decomposition into different components.

The study included adding antimony oxide to mixtures of coating metal surfaces (Enameling), after it was selected ceramic materials used in the coating metal pieces of the type of steel and cast iron in two layers. The first is called a ground coat and the second is a cover coat.Ceramic materials layer for ground coat have been melted down inplatinum crucible at a temperature of 1200oC to prepare the glassmixture (Frit). It was coated on metals at a temperature of 780oC fortwo minutes, while the second layer was prepared glass mixture(Frit) at a temperature of 1200oC, but was coated at a temperature of760oC for two minutes.Underwent tests crystalline state of powders (Frits) and enameled samples using X-ray diffraction technique and found that the process of powders and ground coat layer is random, while the cover layer included having developed a silicon oxide and titanium oxide phases. It was measured density, coating thickness and Knoop hardness for each layer. As well as practical tests conducted dipping enameled samples in diluted and concentrated sulfuric acid, as well as diluted and concentrated hydrochloric acid for three days at a temperature of 100oC. The samples showed good resistance against these acids. The addition of antimony oxide reduced the presence of bubbles in the coated cast iron and enhancement physical and mechanical properties.

The powder of hydroxyapatite with the chemical formula Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2 was prepared locally from cow bones in the hexagonal crystal phase, and this was confirmed through the X-ray diffraction system. The proportions that formed the prepared hydroxyapatite were confirmed through the X-ray fluorescence system and found the ratio of calcium oxide to phosphorous oxide is 1.718. The hexagonal phase of the prepared hydroxyapatite was also stabilized ( fixed ) for the samples before and after the heat treatment. Some physical and mechanical properties were also conducted for the prepared samples. It was found that it is possible to prepare samples of different densities by adding different proportions of carbon (charcoal) percentage to the prepared hydroxyapatite.

Alkaline mortar samples were prepared with four mixtures of local materials to be suitable for smelting iron, smelting furnaces or manufacturing ceramic crucibles. The physical and mechanical tests of the prepared models gave good results in comparison to the standard specifications, depending on the proportions of the samples prepared for the tests. The density, compressive strength, compressive strength of the Brazilian method and size of shrinkage were measured.

Samples of pure polyurethane (polyol + isocyanate) were prepared as well as other samples by adding urea powder, and when adding urea powder, the flexibility and cohesion of polyurethane improved, as well as its thermal conductivity decreased and its density increased, as well as flame and fire resistance. The best ratio was 5g of urea for each 12cm3 polyurethane.