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On the territory of Moldova Plateau (Eastern Romania), the degradation of prehistoric archaeological sites is a major issue concerning their conservation. The intensification of soil erosion, actual geomorphological processes and human impact (agriculture, over-grazing, exploitation) are the main causes leading to their destruction. For this reason, different approaches and methods, from scientifical works, were used to assess the intensity of erosion in this region of the country, but most of them have focused only on soil degradation. This study proposes a GIS method, to evaluate not only hydrogeomorphological hazards but also human impact that affecting archaeological sites, which use multiple thematic layers quantified in a single evaluating system (Likerd-type scale). A risk map was generated on 1sqkm extend and based on geoformula, which was adapted for a case study (Dealul Mare archaeological site). In calculation of this geoformula were inserted the following parameters: slope, the occurrence frequency for landslides based on aspect classes, potential water flow erosion depending on land use, potential soil types erosion, surface and liniar erosion, landslides and slope gravitational processes and human impact. The spatial analysis use a digital terrain model (DTM) with a high precision (0.25 sqm/pixel), based on LiDAR technology. Contrary to the traditional scientifical papers, characterized by subjectivity, in this study the detailed identification of risk areas was allowed by a largescale analysis. The proposed method can be applied to all archaeological sites, in Moldova Plateau, and also can be a tool for commencement of conservation works for archaeological sites which can be at risk of being destroyed.Alin Mihu-Pintilie et al.: GIS methods for assessment of hydrogeomorphic risk and anthropogenic impact which affect the archaeological sites. Case study: Dealul Mare archaeological site, Moldavian Plateau (Romania)

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The El-Meita plateau is situated in the south of the city of Khenchela and it is delimited by the Saharan Atlas to the north and Chott Melghir to the south. The agricultural importance and the high productivity of this region are provided by the aggressive use of chemical fertilizers. For this reason, we have decided to conduct this study, considering that all water bodies � superficial waters and groundwaters � record significant amounts of NO3-, NO2-, NH4-, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Hg) and other major chemical elements. The campaign of collecting the 30 water samples took place in the month of May 2016. The chemical analyses were conducted in the Lacip ain-Mlila laboratory in Algeria. Findings show a contamination of groundwater by nitrates and lead; values exceed the maximum limits approved by World Health Organization (WHO). TDS were also found in high concentrations, which limit the use of water for some agricultural cultures, but which can be admissible for certain salinity-resistant species.

Storage lakes represent an important source of water for the areas with a high deficit of hydrologic balance (ex: Moldavian Plain from NE of Romania). This region holds an important number of lakes that allow the storage of water during periods with rainfall shortage. At the same time, they play an important role in the protection of localities against floods. In addition to the benefits that these lakes have, they can also represent a risk factor for the localities situated in the downstream region, in case of dam collapse. In Romania it is widely known the catastrophic event from 1991 when Belci Dam situated on Tazlău River was breached, causing an entire neighborhood from Onesti City to be flooded. The present study focuses on Catamarasti Lake which has a maximum water volume of 12 million cubic meters, the dam being located 3 km upstream of the first locality and the periphery of Botosani City. The proximity of the inhabited areas makes the dam break scenario to be a probable event, therefore the identification of the propagation time of a possible flood wave is essential towards the creation of a system for the protection of the population. The dam break simulation and the quantification of the propagation time of the entire water volume on Sitna river valley is made using HEC-RAS, based on a LiDAR digital elevation model, using the 2D simulation method. In this case, having a likely floodable surface as well as the time in which the flood can reach the nearby localities, there were identified the risk exposed households located in the floodplain, in the vicinity of the river.