Traditionally, the energy industry has been slow in adopting new disruptive technologies and the transition to a new energy market will require a new digital transformation plan, involving all parties from the energy market. Although it now seems to be an impossible and hard-to-accept scenario, especially by the big players in the industry, the pilot projects so far demonstrate that blockchain can play a major role in the future energy market, even if the technology is still in the first stages of the adoption life cycle. This article attempts to describe a solution to provide alternative irrigation systems for small farmers. The solution involves creating associations of small farmers that will use green energy from photovoltaic panels for the irrigation of agricultural lands. The efficiency of the proposed system can be monitored not only through digital hardware connected to photovoltaic panels and water pumps, but also by using the new blockchain technology that stimulates innovation and growth in the energy and a high level of automation though smart contracts. To accelerate the transition to the green energy economy, a SolarCoin version similar to the Bitcoin cryptocurrency has also been proposed, which is a utility token that creates new possibilities for energy and water trading.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1540 2 of 30 photovoltaic panels can still be used at high capacity to supplement the energy required to run the farm [4,12,13].Photovoltaic systems are ideal in isolated areas that do not have access to the national energy system. Below, the most important advantages of applying the photovoltaic systems in agriculture have been listed [14-16]:

The paper reviews the state of water quality in Ialomita River Basin (IRB), Romania, between 2007 and 2018 using the land use/land cover and basin-specific conditions effects on sediments and nutrients load. On-site monitoring was performed in two control sections of the Ialomita River, one in the upper part of the basin (near Targoviste city) and the second near the discharge into the Danube (downstream of Tandarei town). The statistical averages of water parameters for 10 years' monitoring in the control section that is close to the Ialomita River discharge in Danube were pH = 7.60 (range: 6.41-8.40), NH 4 -N = 1.20 mg/L (0.02-14.87), alkalinity = 4.12 mmol/L (1.34-6.27), NO 3 -N = 2.60 mg/L (0.08-17.30), PO 4 -P = 0.09 mg/L (0-0,31), dissolved oxygen (DO) = 8.87 mg/L (2.72-15.96), BOD 5 = 5.50 mg/L (0.01-74.71), suspended solids (TSS) = 508.32 mg/L (15.2-4457), total dissolved salts (TDS) = 733.69 mg/L (455.2-1053), and river discharge = 38.60 m 3 /s (8. . Expected mean concentration and soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) modeling have been employed in the GIS environment to extend the approach to large spatial patterns within the basin. The estimated average specific emission on the total area for nitrogen was 3.2 kg N/ha, and 0.3 kg P/ha for phosphorus highly influenced by the agricultural activities. The results are useful to raise awareness regarding water-quality degradation and the need to stop and even reverse such trends for local and national sustainable development.Water 2020, 12, 735 2 of 19 water [2]. The discharge of toxic substances, the contamination of groundwater, and the atmospheric transport of nutrients over long distances leading to eutrophication of surface waters, are some of the important processes responsible for the degradation of water quality [3].Massive pollution with organic compounds leads to increased biological oxygen demand and hypoxia, which is often accompanied by severe pathogenic contamination [4]. Eutrophication resulting from the enrichment with nutrients originating from various sources and in particular from agriculture and agro-industrial environment strongly influences the biosphere [5,6]. The over-application of fertilizers damages the ecosystems on large spaces, including soil, water and underground aquifer layers [7]. The main problems associated with intensive agriculture are salinization, nitrification, pesticide contamination and excessive erosion that produce high concentrations of colloids in flowing waters [8].Significant emissions of atmospheric pollutants and long-range transport have affected large areas, while droplets formed in the atmosphere through the combination of water with the gases produced by burning fossil fuels cause acid rain that leads to the acidification of surface waters, especially of lakes [9].Society uses natural resources in a steadily increasing rate. Human influence on nature may cause adverse consequences leading to the disturbance of the natural balance [10,11]. At the same time, technologies and approaches are being developed...

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Rye has already proven to be a good donor of genes for improving important traits and diversity in wheat breeding. The agronomic advantages of wheat-rye translocations, as well as their detrimental pleiotropic effects, were shown to be dependent on the source of the transferred rye chromatin. This justifies continued effort for introgression of rye genes from various sources into various wheat backgrounds. There are still many genes of interest for wheat improvement, not yet transferred, that are available in the rye genome. This paper describes the strategy applied at the National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea (Romania), to take advantage of the existence of intensive breeding programs in both winter wheat and triticale, and presents some of the results obtained so far by applying this strategy, in obtaining lines with common bunt, barley yellow dwarf (BYDV) and other diseases resistances, as well as improved seedling vigour and crop spectral reflectance.