In recent years, the development of agriculture in Algeria Southeast grew rapidly, which increased demand for agricultural products. Since this region has difficult agro-climatic conditions, irrigation seems to be a necessary factor to ensure optimal development and higher agricultural production. Like many irrigation techniques that are widely used, the performance of sprinkler irrigation is significantly affected by these conditions (mainly evaporation) which cause colossal water losses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, through the experimental approach, the global losses of water caused by evaporation and wind drift on two irrigated surfaces in the arid zone of Touggourt. Here we propose adequate predictive equations and explore the effect of irrigated area on overall water loss values. These are measured on two blocks (A and B) the rain gauge method. Block A contains four lateral lines while Block B has only two. For both, each lateral line has four sprinklers. The results showed that the overall water losses of block A are about 24.13 to 50.46%, while those of Block B range from 29.52 to 49.5 %.Two obtained models are adopted for both blocks which can be useful tools for determining overall water losses in environmental conditions (air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed).Noting that when the irrigated area was larger, the water losses will be lass.

Endophyte microorganisms have great biotechnological interest, with features applicable to different areas and are potentially useful in agriculture. In the current study, the most dominant and representative endophytic fungal species of seven halophytic plants prevalent in the southeastern Algeria, Touggourt, were screened for their ability to produce four extracellular enzymes namely: cellulase, amylase, laccase, and lipase. Zygophyllum album came first by hosting diverse endophytic species among all the tested plants with eight species followed by Tamarix boveana and Limoniastrum guyonianum (46.66%) as well as Phragmites communis with 40% and Haloxylon articulatum and Aeluropus littoralis with 33.33%. Unlike J. effusus, it was the less diverse plant where only three species (20%) were identified. In term of enzymatic activities of the selected fungi, the two species of Chaetomium presented cellulase, amylase and lipase activity. Unlike, Trichoderma harzianum involved in lipase, Ulocladium sp. in cellulase, Bipolaris sp. and Botryostimphylium sp. in Amylase. Unlike, the two species of Chaetomium involved in cellulase, amylase and lipase. On the other hand, no enzyme activity was recorded in the colonies of Fusarium sp.

In recent years, agriculture development in South-eastern Algeria progressed rapidly which increased the demand for agricultural products. Given that this region is characterized by hard agro-climatic conditions, irrigation seems to be a necessary factor for ensuring optimal development and high agricultural production. Like many irrigation technics widely used, sprinkler irrigation performance was considerably affected by these conditions, mainly evaporation, which causes water losses. This study aims to propose an adequate mathematical model predicting wind drift and evaporation losses under different weather conditions resume by the complex indicator of climatic intensity (ɸ). Results showed that complex indicators of climatic intensity, were significant factors affecting the wind drift and evaporation losses, puissance relationship between wind drift and evaporation losses, and complex indicators of climatic intensity, obtained model are adopted can be useful tools in the determination of the overall losses in terms of environmental conditions (air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed). Totally 25 measure samples were used for training the model, and 15 measure samples for testing and validation of the model. The developed model for the WDEL modeling shows high good performance with a coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.808, mean squared error (RMSE) = 3.39%, and Mean Absolute Error MAE = 8.41%.

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