Wounding of trees by debarking has been reported to form a callus tissue. This work aims to investigate macroscopic and microscopic modifications of wood after the removal of barks in Alstonia boonei, Scorodophloeus zenkeri, and Garcinia lucida. Species that are not yet barking were wounded to conducting experimental debarking. The wound was rectangular with 30 cm vertically with a lateral extent of 10 cm. Every three months, there was a follow-up for fifteen months during which the macroscopic and microscopic phenomena were observed and recorded. Microsections of 15–20 μm thickness were taken on a piece of wood from the regenerated and intact wood, with a sledge microtome. Staining of cell walls was done with safranin and fast green to increase contrast in an anatomical slide. Analyzes of the variability of xylem anatomical features were done by semi-automatic measurements using the SpectrumSee digital image analysis software. The speed of recovery of the bark of these three species is 9.04 cm/year for A. boonei, 5.9 cm/year for S. zenkeri, and 3.85 cm/year for G. lucida. The recovery of A. boonei’s bark is the fastest, and it just takes 15 months to heal its wound. Densities of vessels were 8, 38, and 17 per mm², respectively, for the wood of A. boonei, S. zenkeri, and G. lucida before barking. These values increased for A. boonei (26) and G. lucida (20) except for S. zenkeri (25). In all species, the diameter of the vessels has decreased in the regenerated wood. Management practices that enhance the monitoring of sustainable harvesting levels of species and promote alternative plants for the same uses should be considered as part of conservation strategies.
The aim of this work was to investigate the possible anatomical changes of Garcinia lucida and Scorodophloeus zenkeri after the removal of their bark. Debarking was done on individuals of each species at 1.30 m from the soil. The wound was rectangular in shape with 30 cm side. There was a follow-up every three months for nine months during which the survival and rate of regeneration of the bark were recorded. A block of cube was cut from the regenerated and intact wood of species for microtomy and microscopy activities. On the cross-section of each wood, vessel features like density and diameter were measured before and after wounding. Semi-automatic measurements were made using the SpectrumSee digital image analysis software. In the wood of the two species, it appeared that the density of the vessels before debarking was significantly comparable to the density after debarking, while the diameter of vessels in the regenerated wood was smaller. The cambial area increased slightly in the rainy season for all species. After nine months all the species started the restoration of their conductive zone. G. lucida heals its wound more rapidly than S. zenkeri.
. Published online at www.m.elewa.org on 31 st July 2017 https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab/v115i1.8 RESUME Objectif : Cette étude a pour objectif général de contribuer à l'évaluation du recouvrement de trois espèces (Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr., Annickia chlorantha (Oliv.) Setten & Maas. et Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Warb. ) après écorçage dans la région du Sud-Ouest Cameroun. Méthodologie et résultats : L'écorçage a été faite sur les individus de chaque espèce à 1,30 m du sol. La blessure était de forme carrée avec 30 cm de côté. Il y'a eu suivi trimestriel pendant deux ans au cours duquel la survie et la vitesse de régénération de l'écorce ont été enregistrées. Un cube de bois a été prélevé dans la partie régénérée de cinq individus par espèce. Il s'en est suivi des exercices de microtomie et de microscopie. Des mesures semi-automatiques ont été faites à l'aide du logiciel d'analyse d'image numérique SpectrumSee. Il ressort de cette étude que le maximum de cicatrisation a lieu la première année après écorçage. La vitesse de recouvrement de l'écorce de Pycnanthus angolensis est significativement plus élevé (20,30 cm/an) par rapport à celle des espèces Annickia chlorantha (10,33 cm/an) et Afrostyrax lepidophyllus (11,73 cm/an). Conclusion et application des résultats : Pycnanthus angolensis a complètement cicatrisée sa blessure après deux ans. Annickia chlorantha et Afrostyrax lepidophyllus enregistrent une bonne vitesse de régénération de l'écorce. Une coupe transversale au niveau du bois avant et après écorçage montre que les vaisseaux se forment et atteignent leurs dimension et caractéristique (densité, surface) d'avant écorçage dans un intervalle d'au moins deux ans. Afin d'éviter le stress post-écorçage conduisant au retrait de l'écorce les premiers mois, il faudrait que les espèces soient récoltées en saison pluvieuse sur une surface située sur un côté du tronc. Le maximum de cicatrisation a lieu la première année après écorçage. Nos résultats permettent d'affirmer que ces trois espèces réagissent bien à l'écorçage. Nous suggérons aux populations riveraines exploitant ces Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux qu'après récolte des écorces, les arbres doivent être laissés au repos pendant une période d'au moins deux ans pour la cicatrisation. Mots clés : Afrostyrax lepidophyllus, Annickia chlorantha, Cameroun, cicatrisation, écorçage, Pycnanthus angolensis, recouvrement, vaisseaux Solefack and Kinjouo, J. Appl. Biosci. 2017 Modifications anatomiques après écorçage de trois espèces au sud-ouest Cameroun 11491Anatomical modifications after debarking of three species in southwest Cameroon ABSTRACT Objective : The general objective of this study is to contribute to the assessment of the recovery of three species (Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr., Annickia chlorantha (Oliv.) Setten & Maas and Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Warb.) after debarking in the South-West Cameroon. Methodology and results : Debarking was done on individuals of each species at 1.30 m from the soil. The wound was square in shape with 30 cm si...
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