BACKGROUND: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is a common disorder in the children’s population that can lead to growth disorders. Chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy can cause a break in the normal growth of children, weight loss, and decreased growth hormone secretion. AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate adenotonsillar hypertrophy in the growth rate of children with height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, after examining 312, 3–10-year-old children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, who met the inclusion criteria, growth scales were evaluated and entered into the patient evaluation form. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between BMI, height, weight, and severity of tonsillar hypertrophy at Brodsky’s scale (P <0.001). Our studies showed well that with increasing severity of adenotonsillar hypertrophy disease, the growth indicators are also decreased in children. CONCLUSION: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy decreases growth indicators in children. There was also a relationship between growth indicators and severity of adenotonsillar hypertrophy in patients.

Introduction: Hearing loss is one of the most common congenital disorders. The prevalence of this disorder in different communities has been reported between 3.5 to 9 percent, which can have adverse effects on language learning, communication, and education of children. Also, early diagnosis of this disorder in newborns is not possible without the use of hearing screening. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of newborn hearing screening programs in Zahedan. Method: In this cross-sectional observational study, all babies born in the maternity hospitals of Zahedan city (maternity hospitals of Nabi Akram, Imam Ali, and Social Security hospitals) in 2020, were examined. In order to conduct the study, TEOAE was initially performed for all neonates. Then, based on the results obtained in the ODA test and in case of unsatisfactory response, cases were referred for re-evaluation. Infants who were rejected again in the second stage were immediately subjected to the AABR test and if they failed in this test, they were also subjected to a diagnostic ABR test. Results: Based on our results, 7700 infants were first evaluated with the OAE test. Of these, 580 (8%) had no OAE response. Out of 580 infants rejected in the first stage, 76 infants were also rejected in the second stage; Among them, 8 infants were re-diagnosed with hearing impairments. Finally, out of 3 infants who were diagnosed with hearing loss, 1 (33%) had conductive hearing loss and 2 (67%) had sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, the implementation of a comprehensive neonatal hearing screening program is necessary for the timely and early diagnosis and treatment of hearing loss. Also, screening can improve the health of children and their personal, social, and educational development in the future. Keywords: Hearing screening, hearing loss, newborns, OAE, AABR

Foreign body aspiration is still one of the most important diagnostic and therapeutic items for physicians. The mortality rate and prevalence of diseases caused by foreign bodies are higher in children due to the relatively narrow airway and immature protective mechanisms. Considering the high prevalence of foreign body aspiration in children, as well as the possible complications, we decided to investigate the frequency distribution of signs and symptoms in children with foreign body aspiration. This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on the files of 50 children with foreign body aspiration who referred to Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan, Iran from 2016 to 2018. The files were entered into the study by the census method, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, demographic factors (age and sex), as well as the type of aspirated object, signs, and symptoms, were examined. The files of 50 children with a foreign body aspiration were reviewed. Among the patients, 27 (54%) were boys and 23 (46%) were girls. The highest frequency was between 1 and 2 years, with 36%. The most common symptom in these patients was cough and respiratory distress with a frequency of 72% and the most common clinical findings were unilateral wheezing with 50% and decreased unilateral respiratory sounds with 18%. Also, the most common types of foreign objects were nuts with a frequency of 44% and supari with 38%. Also, unilateral wheezing had a significant relationship with the type of aspirated foreign body (P = 0.01). Children between the ages of one and two years are more likely to have foreign body aspiration, and in children with symptoms of cough and respiratory distress, as well as clinical findings of unilateral wheezing and decreased unilateral respiratory sounds, foreign body aspiration should be suspected.

Introduction: Tonsillectomy in children is associated with some major complications originating from intense post-tonsillectomy pain which can distress patients, cause swallowing difficulties and discomfort, and also lead to aspiration. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of using pre-operative ketamine injection on post-tonsillectomy pain intensity in children. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was carried out on 60 patients undergoing elective tonsillectomy. To this end, all the patients were anaesthetized by the same method. In the first group, 2 cc of ketamine (0.5mg/kg) solution was topically injected into the soft tissue of tonsillar fossa (peritonsillar space); in the second group, a similar administration was performed but with normal saline. For all the patients, incision was made 5 minutes after injection with the Blast Dissection Snare method. Moreover, the patients’ pain intensity and analgesics consumption were measured 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after surgery. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software. Results: The present study was conducted on 60 patients, 37 males and 23 females, with the mean age of 9.3±3.4 years. In this respect, repeated measures analysis of variance of patients’ pain scores collected in five post-operative stages showed that pain intensity in both groups was at the highest level immediately after operation; it gradually decreased during measurement stages. However, at each measurement, the pain intensity experienced in the ketamine-treated group was significantly lower than that for the placebo group. Conclusion: It was concluded that pre-incision topical injection of ketamine can serve as an effective method to control post-tonsillectomy throat pain.

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an inexpensive therapy effective at minimizing perioperative blood loss and transfusion. However, it remains underutilized due to safety concerns. Cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most frequent congenital anomalies, accounting for 65% of head and neck anomalies, and 15000 neonates are born with these anomalies annually. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative intravenous TXA on hemorrhage in patients undergoing cleft palate reconstruction surgery in the Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital, Zahedan, Iran. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients undergoing palatoplasty in the Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups: TXA receivers and controls. Data were collected using information forms and then analyzed using SPSS ver. 22. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.42 ± 9.46 months, and of the 60 patients, 31 were boys, and 29 were girls. The mean bleeding volume was 11.73 ± 4.42 milliliter in the TXA receiving group and 17.36 ± 4.99 milliliters in the control group, and the mean duration of surgery was 41.90 ± 8.00 and 49.93 ± 11.37 minutes in the TXA receiving and control groups, respectively. The mean PT, PTT, and Hb were not significantly different before and after surgery in the two groups. Conclusions: Tranexamic acid causes a significant reduction in the duration of surgery and mean bleeding volume in palatoplasties, but it has no effects on PT, PTT, and Hb levels before and after surgery.