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Background: Heart Failure is a common chronic disease and the cause of the elderly's mortality worldwide. It has imposed a high financial burden on health systems and families. Self-care is an important aspect of nursing and treating such patients. The aim of study was to determine the self-care behavior and its association with demographic and clinical factors in the elderly with heart failure. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 elderly with heart failure, admitted to Cardiology Wards of Khatam Al-Anbia, Shohada, and Payambar Azam Hospitals of Gonbad Kavus County in 2018. The convenience sampling method was used to recruit participants. For data collection the Miller Self-care Behaviour Scale and the elderly's demographic information checklist were used. Data were presented in descriptive statistics, and analyzed using ANOVA, independent t-test and Spearman's correlation test in SPSS ver 16. The significant level was used p<0.05. Results: The self-care scores were 66.08±8.44 for HF elderly patients. The Self-care Behavior score were 68.25±1.01 and 64.12±0.7 in women and men respectively (p=0.004). There were no significant correlations between the elderly's scores of self-care with ejection fraction percentages and education levels. Conclusions: The mean scores of self-care in the elderly with HF were low. Therefore, the selfcare of the elderly with heart failure should be improved by training.

One of the existential questions during adolescence concerns the ambiguity regarding spirituality. Adolescents at this age not only have spiritual, psychological and unique needs, but have spiritual requirements that help them to relax and solve problems. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to understand the concept of spiritual self-care in Iranian adolescents in 2019. This qualitative study using a content analysis approach was conducted on 14 adolescents with an age range of 14–20 years, who were selected using the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews which were carried out between 04 March and 20 August 2019. The interviews were transcribed immediately after the recording, and then were analyzed using direct content analysis. Two hundred and fifty-two primary codes related to the adolescents’ spiritual self-care were extracted from the analysis, which determined four main aspects of spiritual self-care (spiritual belief, spiritual experience, social-religious activities and spiritual growth). The findings of this study showed that, spiritual self-care is a form of self-care by which a person uses his or her spiritual beliefs, teachings and experiences to control stress and manage crises, and their ability to cope with problems.