at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt. inhibited the DNCB-induced overexpression of NFκ-B and iNOS in the colon. CONCLUSION:Curcumin treatment ameliorates colonic damage in DNCB-induced colitic rats, an effect associated with an improvement in intestinal oxidative stress and downregulation of colonic NFκ-B and iNOS expression. INTRODUCTIONInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disease caused by the inflammation and sores in the lining of large intestine and characterized clinically by recurrent episodes of bloody diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain and histologically by mucosal inflammation and injury [1] . Conventional therapy for UC includes sulfasalazine and other 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) type of compounds, and in more persistent and/ or severe cases, oral, rectal and parenteral corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are administered [2] . All of these have significant toxicities and are partly or completely ineffective in significant numbers of patients [3] . Several agents used in the management of IBD, such as corticosteroids, sulfasalazine and 5-ASA, have documented regulation of Nuclear Factor K appa-B (NF κ-B) function [2] . Given the importance of inflammatory cell activation involved in the development of IBD, there is a need for a treatment modality against IBD that can block the inflammatory processes. There is substantial evidence for the involvement of oxidative stress and profound alterations in the biosynthesis of the labile free Abstract AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of action of NCB-02, a standardized Curcumin preparation, against 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats.

Abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and their aggregation causes inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This promotes accumulation of toxic proteins in the body tissues especially brain leading to manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases. The studies suggest that deregulation of proteostasis, particularly aberrant unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling, may be a common morbific process in the development of neurodegeneration. Curcumin, the mixture of low molecular weight polyphenolic compounds from turmeric, Curcuma longa has shown promising response to prevents many diseases including current global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and neurodegenerative disorders. The UPR which correlates positively with neurodegenerative disorders were found affected by curcumin. In this review, we examine the evidence from many model systems illustrating how curcumin interacts with UPR and slows down the development of various neurodegenerative disorders (ND), e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. The recent global increase in ND patients indicates that researchers and practitioners will need to develop a new pharmacological drug or treatment to manage and cure these neurodegenerative diseases.