PurposeThis paper tries to examine the entrepreneurial intention of business students of public sector universities of Pakistan through the entrepreneurial event model (EEM).Design/methodology/approachThe study is a quantitative study and is based on cross-sectional data. The data is collected through a survey questionnaire. The random sample technique is used for data collection. The respondents are the business students of different public sector universities of Pakistan. In total 310 valid samples are utilized for final analysis.FindingsBy employing to SEM through Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) version 26.0, the overall findings show a positive and significant impact of perceived feasibility (PF), perceived desirability (PD) and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention (EI).Practical implicationsThe outcomes of the study may be helpful for policymakers to formulate the policies regarding the promotion of entrepreneurship and self-employment for reducing the burden of unemployment. Possibly, it may prove as an appliance for prosperity and income generation through boosting entrepreneurship. Moreover, it may contribute to the literature of entrepreneurship, mainly for Pakistan and the developing world.Originality/valueThe study would support in achieving economic development by diverting individuals' intention for entrepreneurship.

This study aims to determine the impact of credit constraints on wheat farmers' welfare. For this study, data on 575 wheat farmers were collected through a simple random sampling technique. The treatment-effect model was used to find the effect of credit constraints on the farmers' welfare. In addition, to control for the problem of endogeneity, ordinary least squares and logistic regressions were employed. Farmers' welfare was measured by as consumption. The results show that constrained farmers cultivate 2.8–4.1% more area of land than unconstrained farmers but that the spending and income per capita of credit-constrained farmers are 18.9 to 13.8% lower, respectivley, than those of unconstrained farmers. Moreover, the results indicate that the welfare and income of credit-constrained farmers are influenced by age, the interest rate, area of land, and family size. An increase in the area of land enhances wellbeing and returns for the constrained farmer, which is in contrast to the unconstrained farmer. The results show that credit constraints have a negative impact on farmers' welfare and income. Better welfare may only be achieved if credit is supplied to credit-constrained farmers. Furthermore, this study has potentially significant implications. First, the negative impact of the interest rate suggests that the State Bank of Pakistan should modify agricultural credit policies, particularly to design a flexible interest rate for farmers. Second, the central bank should amend the agricultural credit limits based on the current financial needs of the agricultural market when the rate of inflation is high and the impact of agricultural crises is long and drawn-out. Third, the government should launch an agricultural Islamic bank in the study area. This Islamic bank would support religious farmers who are constrained due to objections to interest, and it would relax the farmers’ credit constraints as well as help them to increase welfare and income.

The present paper examines COVID‐19 impediments and business start‐ups in Pakistan when the country entered the second wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study selected entrepreneurs in Pakistan to explore the effects of the second wave. The study findings highlight the significant negative impacts of fear of COVID‐19 (FC), COVID‐19 stress and anxiety (SA), and perceptions of the arrival of COVID‐19's second wave (ASW) on business start‐ups (BS). The findings may support policy makers in diminishing the fear, anxiety, and negative perceptions of the arrival of COVID‐19 waves.

PurposeThe present study examines the knowledge, attitude and practice towards the reduction of COVID-19 spread among entrepreneurs of the Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology (FUUAST), Karachi Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employed cross-sectional data to infer the results. The data are collected through an online survey questionnaire. To target the respondents; a convenience sampling technique is adopted. In total, 222 usable answers proceed with final results. The structural equation model (SEM) is applied for the data analysis.FindingsThe study outcomes found a significant and positive role of knowledge about COVID-19, attitudes towards a stay at home and practices against COVID-19 in reducing the spread of the pandemic.Practical implicationsThe study provides coherent knowledge about the factors that fight against the pandemic's further spread. The findings would provide the guidelines to policymakers to think about such factors and boost them enormously. Further, the results would contribute to the literature of COVID-19.Originality/valueThis study is original, which empirically confirmed the effect of knowledge about COVID-19, attitudes towards a stay at home and practices against COVID-19 in an academic institute.

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