Ce papier présente une intervention ergonomique portant sur la reconception participative des processus organisationnels dans le milieu ferroviaire. L’intervention est déclenchée suite à l’internalisation partielle de l’activité de maintenance de la signalisation du métro. La conduite davantage techno-centrée de ce changement a impacté la fiabilité et la performance organisationnelle. L’intervention misait le développement de l’organisation dans une visée durable. L’ingénierie des dispositifs d’intervention a été conçue comme un « Laboratoire Développemental ». Ce dernier vise à outiller les acteurs organisationnels dans la construction et la mise en marche de mécanismes autopoïétiques, autrement dit, qui permettent à l’organisation de se renouveler de manière autonome selon les besoins émergents de l’activité. Ainsi, la dimension constructive de l’activité est prise comme levier pour le développement de l’organisation. L’analyse réflexive a posteriori de cette expérience vise à mettre en évidence les conditions, les stratégies et la multiplicité des rôles que l’ergonome peut jouer en tant que manager de la transformation organisationnelle.

La ricerca affronta il tema della sicurezza e della gestione dei fattori di rischio insiti nel servizio di pilotaggio svolto dalla Corporazione Piloti del porto di Genova. Č stato condotto uno studio di caso, attraverso la raccolta di tre fonti di prova: analisi di documenti tecnici e procedurali, interviste strutturate sulla traccia della; osservazione. Sono stati descritti 53 eventi critici, successivamente analizzati e categorizzati, secondo il modello SHELL, in rischi ambientali, procedurali, strumentali e relazionali. I risultati mettono in evidenza le piů rilevanti situazioni critiche presenti nell'attivitŕ di pilotaggio e le strategie, formali e informali, di gestione dei fattori di rischio, insieme a possibili interventi migliorativi di immediata applicazione o a piů ampio respiro.

This paper presents a model for an ergonomic intervention with developmental and autopoietic aims. It is based on the organizational change of an entity in charge of the signalling devices maintenance for the Parisian subway. Its developmental goal is to empower actors to redesign their work processes in an enabling, autonomous and sustainable way based on the emerging needs of a cross-functional activity that is to be imagined. The intervention was conceived and equipped as a formative process. The methodology put in place is called the "Developmental Laboratory" (DL). The DL impels two levels of crossfunctional inquiry. The DL1 concerns the production work or even the redesign of maintenance processes (functional dimension). The users have jointly constructed new more able organizational solutions (processes, tools, methodologies, forms of coordination and management, etc.). The DL2 deals with the practices underlying the previously organizing process (metaflective dimension). In other words, the results and processes in DL1 were investigated in DL2. The users were therefore mobilized in co-design and formalization of new organizing standards and routines. The place of the real work analysis and the roles of Enabling Ergonomist are investigated. These appear to be key elements to translate the developmental potential of the actors (Ergonomist included) and their practices into actual productions.