Background: Alexithymia and stress are two main psychological factors which affect not only fertility, but also the outcome of assisted reproductive technology treatment. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to compare the levels of alexithymia and stress between infertile women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment and women with no fertility issues. The present study aims to: (i) explore the relation between alexithymia and infertility, (ii) investigate whether women with infertility problems show elevated levels of alexithymia compared to women with no fertility problems, and (iii) compare stress levels between women undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatment and women with no fertility problems. Methods: A case control trial was conducted. In total, data from 177 women were collected. The control group consisted of 102 women with no fertility problems, whilst the study group included 75 women undergoing assisted reproductive program. In order to measure the levels of alexithymia and the fertility-related stress among women in both groups and compare the results, validated questionnaires were distributed to every participant. Self-report instruments were used to measure alexithymia (TAS-20), fertility-related stress (FPI), depressive symptomatology (CES-D) and anxiety (STAI). Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses were used. Results: The mean values of alexithymia, anxiety and depressive symptomatology were higher in women with lower educational background and not within a marriage than in women with higher education and within marriage. Additionally, infertile women had similar levels of alexithymia, anxiety and depressive symptomatology compared to women with no fertility problems. Conclusion: Results from the present study suggest that infertile women show similar levels of alexithymia and stress in comparison to women who have not been confronted with fertility problems. Our study findings are in accordance with many previous published studies that have concluded that alexithymia rates are similar between group of patients and group of healthy individuals. However, future studies should aim to investigate the prevalence of alexithymia in infertile women with idiopathic and non-idiopathic infertility as well as to assess the levels of alexithymia in infertile women that are not in a fertility treatment.