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Natural dyes can be used in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to generate low-cost devices, although with low light harvesting because of energy losses from the recombination process. This study investigates recombination reactions in DSSCs with natural dyes extracted from eggplants, plums, and hibiscus flowers. Titanium dioxide films were coated on a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass conductor substrate by the doctor blading method and impregnated in a dye solution for 24 h. Electrodeposited platinum was used as the cathode, and I 3 -/Ias the redox couple. The techniques employed were: intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, charge extraction, and cyclic voltammetry. The results show that cells containing plum dye exhibited the best photovoltaic parameters, with high values of gap, charge extraction, and potential, being less resistive to charge transfer with an electron lifetime of 0.51 s, collection time of 8.54 ms, and charge efficiency collection of 0.99.
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC's) are devices that can convert sunlight to energy and have in composition a semiconductor oxide and a suitable photosensitizer. Due to the high cost, the research for new materials applied in solar cells arouses great interest. This work aims to study hybrid solar cells of FTO/TiO2/dye interface, produced with different low cost natural photosensitizers, extracted in acidified ethanoic solution of different natural products: plum, grape, urucum and eggplant. The techniques of characterization used were: UV-VIS Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Open Circuit Potential as function of time (Voc), Photocronoamperometry curves (PCA) and Photocurrent Density Curves as function of Potential (j-V). The dyes tested in the DSSC presented the character of photosensitivity, with the adsorption in TiO2 films and the maximum absorption on the visible region. The DSSC with the best photovoltaic parameters was using the dye extracted from the plum, generating a solar cell with ƞ = 0.12±0.03%, Voc = 572±12 mV, FF = 0.57±0.01 and jsc = 0.40±0.09 mA cm-2 .
HIBISCUS. Dye-sensitized solar cells using natural dyes have lower cost when compared to rutheniumbased dyes. This paper aims to evaluate, electrochemically, solar cells composed of TiO 2 with dye extracted from the Hibiscus (var. Sabdariffa) and propose an adsorption model capable of predicting the adsorption mechanism of the dye on the semiconductor surface. The characterization techniques used were: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, UV-VIS Spectroscopy, Measurement of the Open Circuit Potential, Photocronoamperometry, and Current Density Curves vs. Potential. The infrared spectroscopy confirmed there was adsorption of dye on the TiO 2 surface. The adsorption isotherm with the better value of linear coefficient (R= 0.9874) was the Langmuir isotherm. The electrochemical techniques showed that the best cell prepared from a solution with a concentration of 5.27 mg L -1 of the natural dye, had an E ca = 516 mV, j = 0.15 mA cm -2 and an energy efficiency (η) of 0.15%.Keywords: photovoltaic cells; natural dyes; anthocyanin. INTRODUÇÃOCom o principal objetivo de reduzir custos e expandir o uso de dispositivos fotovoltaicos ao redor do mundo, o desenvolvimento de células solares sensibilizadas por corante (CSSC) vem crescendo muito nas últimas décadas. Gratzel et al., 1 em 1991, desenvolveram um dispositivo fotovoltaico baseado na junção de eletrodos nanoestruturados de TiO 2 , com fotossensibilizante eficiente em injeção de elétrons, que alcançou um aproveitamento energético de 7,9% sendo que valores de até 13% podem ser encontrados quando se utiliza corantes baseados em porfirina de Zn(II) e eletrólitos líquidos contendo Co(II)/ Co(III). O anodo do dispositivo é formado por um material semicondutor nanocristalino, depositado em um substrato condutor e impregnado por um fotossensibilizante. O contra eletrodo, geralmente formado por platina é o responsável por receber os elétrons, fechando o circuito. E por usa vez, o eletrólito, realiza a intermediação de cargas, ou seja, sofre redução, para regenerar o corante e se oxida posteriormente, recebendo os elétrons oriundos da platina. Estas reações, com seus respectivos tempos de vida são apresentados na Tabela 1. 3,4 Os corantes mais utilizados são os complexos metálicos baseados em rutênio, contendo grupos coordenantes, capazes de se adsorverem na superfície do semicondutor. Estes apresentam uma boa absorção no espectro solar, chegando a absorver na região do infravermelho. Apresentam complexas rotas sintéticas e foram devidamente desenvolvidos para aplicação nestes sistemas, o que encarece o custo do mesmo, chegando a valores próximos a U$ 3,000.00 4-6 por grama do
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