Malaria intensity in both Urban and Rural areas of Nigeria is of Public Health importance. This study was conducted to assess the malaria parasitaemia among the residence of Abuja Municipal Area Council, FCT, in order to provide epidemiological data on malaria in the council for effective management program. A total of 200 residence within the range of 2-50 years were sampled for malaria parasitaemia using thick and thin film smears. A capillary blood sample was collected from each of the residence using finger prick technique, thick and thin blood films were prepared, stained, dried and examined for malaria parasites. The data was analyzed using simple percentages and chi-square analytical methods. The result from the study revealed an overall prevalence of 54.0% while the proportion of the residence infected were highest within the 2-10 years age-group (76.9%, P = 0.003, X2 = 8.42) followed by those in 11-20 years (65.0%) and 21-30 years (50.0%). Those in 31-40 years and 41-50 years (29-7% and 21.4%) had lowest. The highest density recorded was >10,000 parasites/ul across the positives as 2-10 years (P = 0.003, X2 = 2.22) has the highest. Malaria parasitaemia was highest among the vulnerable group 2-10 years (P = 0.003, X2 = 2.22) in the council and remain endemic. There is an urgent need to identify innovative and integrated control measures to reduce the scurge among them. Public Health education campaign against malaria infection and its agent (mosquito) should be intensified in the Council.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by bacterium “Mycobacterium tuberculosis”. It is a systemic infection and has deleterious effect on both circulatory and respiratory systems, and thrives more in a society with little knowledge of its predisposing factors. Aim of the Study: This study was carried out to identify the predisposing factors of tuberculosis and its effects on haematological indices of the positive patients at the Federal Medical Center, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The blood samples were analyzed manually for the indices while predisposing factors of Tuberculosis were obtained with the aid of a structured self-administered questionnair,these were administered simultaneously while the blood samples were been collected. Results and Discussion: Results were considered to be statistically signifificant (P<0.05), (OR>1). Simple frequencies were also computed. The results revealed that Haemoglobin (P=0.001); Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P=0.020); Neutrophils (P=0.002); Eosinophils (P=0.000); Monocytes (P=0.000); Platelets (P=0.001) of the Tuberculosis positive patients when compared with the controls, showed, statistically (P<0.05) significant haematological abnormalities. History of Tuberculosis in family (Odd ratio=9.3) and Alcoholism (OR=6.0) were significant predisposing factors of Tuberculosis. Other predisposing factors; smoking habits (OR=2.7), Educational status (OR=2.2), marital status (OR=1.3) were also associated with Tuberculosis infection, while employment status (OR=1.0) and socio-economic status (OR=0.1) were not. Tuberculosis infection in this study adversely affected Haemoglobin, Platelets, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Neutrophil, Eosinophil and Monocyte values, while family history of Tuberculosis and Alcoholism were significantly associated with the infection. Conclusion: Quarrantine of Tuberculosis patients and creating more awareness on the predisposing factors of tuberculosis will help towards preventing, reducing and eliminating the disease.

Introduction: The occurrence of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis among tuberculosis patients has raised global public health concern, especially in Nigeria. The increase in the number of cases of resistance tuberculosis despite the effort and need to curb the menace in Nigeria led to this study.    Aim of the Study: The aim was to investigate the effect of anti-Tuberculosis drugs on patients with multi-drug resistance Tuberculosis in Mainland Hospital Yaba, Lagos. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of the already confirmed multi-drug resistance tuberculosis patients at the Mainland Hospital Yaba, Lagos .One hundred self-structured interview questionnaires were randomly administered among already confirmed mult-drug resistance tuberculosis patients at the hospital to collect bio-data information, and thereafter, received second- line anti-Tuberculosis drugs in phases for 22 months. Results and Discussion: The patients received the following regimen of treatments based on their weights and ages, the selected regimens administered for 22 months comprised of two phases; first, 8 months of intensive phase of Kanamycin, levofloxacin, cycloserine, prothionamide,and pyrazinamide and second, 12 months of Levofloxacin, cycloserine, prothionamide and pyrazinamide. Post laboratory analysis was used to monitor the effectiveness of the second-line anti-Tuberculosis drugs used. Out of the 92 patients that received the drugs, 89(96.7%) were confirmed negative to multi-drug resistance tuberculosis, while 3(3.3%) were still positive. Conclusion: The anti-Tuberculosis drugs in the order used is highly recommended for the reduction if not total eradication of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis in Nigeria. Effort should be geared towards making sure that the multi-drug resistance tuberculosis patients are confined, proper regimen administered and monitored in order to reduce the rate of spread.