Often, solar power parks are built in remote areas where the provider’s internet connection using the GSM network is insufficient. In addition, in order to monitor the parameters of each solar module, a very dense arrangement of IoT components would be required, as a result of which the speed of the external network would not be sufficient. In solving this problem, a hybrid data transmission network (there are no universal hybrid network concepts proposed in the literature for monitoring the operating parameters of a solar power park) was designed and tested for the monitoring system of the working parameters (voltage, current, etc.) of the solar power plant. This network consists of RF modules, RS458 modules communicating with a twisted pair cable, a GSM module, etc. PIC series microcontrollers with original programming code written in the C language were used to ensure the operation of the monitoring system and the hybrid data network. The data of the operating parameters of the solar power plant are stored centrally on a server, in a MySQL database. The central server has the ability to display data not only on the graphical output device, but also to transmit it to mobile devices using the Android operating system. During the testing of this network, observations of the working parameters of the 870 W solar power plant were made. Observations lead to the conclusion that such a network can be fully used in solar power parks as an alternative to the GSM network. Analyzing the data, it was found that the efficiency of bifacial type batteries is about 15–20% higher than that of traditional, silicon-based solar batteries. The voltammetric characteristics of a bifacial type battery, a new silicon battery and a 10-year-old battery basically match, which means that the silicon active material of all types of batteries has a similar alloying degree and the same internal resistance.

The increasing use of renewable energy sources increases the need for electricity storage systems. In this work, the possibility of renewing worn-out battery Pb electrodes by applying Ar and O2 gas plasma in a magnetron vacuum system was investigated. As shown by the SEM results of the surface of Pb electrodes, after exposure to O2 plasma, the surface of Pb electrodes consists of irregularly shaped microstructures. Analyzing the XRD results revealed that the spectrum peaks of the Pb4O3SO4 compound are more pronounced in the case of the electrodes of the worn battery than those electrodes that were exposed to Ar and O2 gas plasma. It was observed that the process of renewing Pb electrodes in Ar and O2 plasma has a positive effect. This effect is also confirmed by the results of EDS studies, as the chemical compounds that inhibit the charge/discharge process are reduced, and the percentage of pure lead increases from 68.2% (in the case of worn electrodes) to 81–82% (when the worn electrodes were processed using Ar and O2 plasma).

With the development of renewable sources of electricity, more and more attention is paid to electricity storage systems and their research. In order to make the research process of various types of batteries automatic, an automatic system for monitoring of the working characteristics and parameters of batteries was created. System management is based on the ATmega328 series microcontrollers. The system control program code and computer application were created using programming languages C and Delphi. The developed system is able to support the automated process of battery testing and to inform the operator about the deviations that have occurred by offering solutions. After the development of this system, a study of the charging and degradation process of four types of batteries was carried out. Four types of lead-based batteries (non-deep cycle battery, deep-cycle battery, GEL battery and AGM battery) were used for the research. Research has shown that GEL-type batteries have the highest number of life cycles, with the number of cycles reaching up to 750. This type of batteries is best suited for storing electricity obtained using renewable energy sources.