The antibacterial activity of propolis has been widely investigated. Since reports dealing with antimicrobial activity of the origin of propolis are not available, this study was carried out aiming to analyse the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the methanol extracts of poplar type propolis and Populus (Populus nigra, P. alba, P. tremuloides) buds as its sources against standard strains of a panel of microorganisms by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The concentrations of the ''poplar'' phenolics were relatively high (4.5%) and some compounds typical for P. nigra such as pinobanksin and 4,3 acetyloxycaffeate were found in the propolis sample by GC-MS. The poplar type propolis and Populus bud exudates were found to inhibit most clinically important microorganisms in a wide spectrum including pathogenic yeasts but not Gram-negative bacteria.